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Abstract
A fast calculation method was used to obtain the spectral optical properties of human normal and pathological (chromophobe renal cell carcinoma) kidney tissues. Using total transmittance, total reflectance and collimated transmittance spectra acquired from ex vivo kidney samples, the spectral optical properties of both tissues, namely the absorption, the scattering and the reduced scattering coefficients, as well as the scattering anisotropy, dispersion and light penetration depth, were calculated between 200 and 1000 nm. Analysis of the mean absorption coefficient spectra of the kidney tissues showed that both contain melanin and lipofuscin, and that 83 % of the melanin in the normal kidney converts into lipofuscin in the pathological kidney.

Abstract
This study assesses the impact of integrating Inverter-based Distributed Generators (IBDGs) on the short circuit currents as is seen by overcurrent relays located at the heads of distribution feeders. The research highlights that changes in fault currents caused by the presence of IBDGs, it is evident that those inverted-based technologies have the potential to significantly influence the effectiveness and reliability of the electrical grid's protection systems by modifying the short circuit signature from the traditional one. Moreover, key variables such as the location and capacity of the IBDGS and the relative location of the short circuit insertion point have been identified as notably influencing these impacts. The importance of these findings lies in their contribution to a deeper understanding of how inverter fault response and the integration of IBDGSs affect fault currents. This knowledge is crucial for designing and developing more robust and effective network protection strategies and technologies. Therefore, this study serves as a cornerstone in the ongoing quest for more resilient network protection methods in an increasingly decentralised and complex energy landscape.

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Abstract
To forestall future financial crises, risk governance has been embraced as a line of defense. Therefore, this paper seeks to synthesize the risk governance literature, identifying gaps, and suggesting direction for future research, through a systematic literature review (SLR). Analyzing 151 papers from the Scopus and Web of Science databases, this paper finds a steady increase in academic work on risk governance. Using the theory, context, characteristics, and methodology (TCCM) framework, the study emphasizes the importance of chief risk officers, geographical context coverage, and effectiveness and regulation of risk governance. Methodologically, endogeneity issues are a major concern for researchers, agency theory (AT) being the most popular theory used. Finally, moderating and mediating variables that affect risk governance are identified as important but under-explored. While providing practitioners and policymakers with a framework, empirical testing is encouraged. The study contributes to SDG Goal 8, Target 10 of strengthening financial institutions and promoting a resilient financial system.