Abstract

Abstract
In this paper we study the problem of constructing histograms from high-speed time-changing data streams. Learning in this context requires the ability to process examples once at the rate they arrive, maintaining a histogram consistent with the most recent data, and forgetting out-date data whenever a change in the distribution is detected. To construct histogram from high-speed data streams we use the two layer structure used in the Partition Incremental Discretization (PiD) algorithm. Our contribution is a new method to detect whenever a change in the distribution generating examples occurs. The base idea consists of monitoring distributions from two different time windows: the reference time window, that reflects the distribution observed in the past; and the current time window reflecting the distribution observed in the most recent data. We compare both distributions and signal a change whenever they are greater than a threshold value, using three different methods: the Entropy Absolute Difference, the Kullback-Leibler divergence and the Cosine Distance. The experimental results suggest that Kullback-Leibler divergence exhibit high probability in change detection, faster detection rates, with few false positives alarms.

Abstract
We show how stationary entanglement between an optical cavity field mode and a macroscopic vibrating mirror can be generated by means of radiation pressure. We also show how the generated optomechanical entanglement can be quantified, and we suggest an experimental readout scheme to fully characterize the entangled state. Surprisingly, such optomechanical entanglement is shown to persist for environment temperatures above 20 K using state-of-the-art experimental parameters.

Abstract
We demonstrate that under certain conditions it is possible to fabricate in a B/Ge co-doped fiber an arc-induced long-period grating whose spectrum contains a dual set of resonances. These two sets of resonances are formed by distinct mechanisms and are caused by coupling to cladding modes of different symmetries. They behave differently at high temperatures: the set produced by symmetric perturbation disappears during annealing at a temperature of 800 degrees C, while the other set produced by an antisymmetric mechanism can withstand temperatures above 1000 degrees C. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America

Abstract
This paper is on the problem of profit-based unit commitment with emission limitations. We propose a multiobjective approach to handle the problem with conflicting profit and emission objectives. A trade-off curve between profit and emission in a way to aid decision-makers concerning emission allowance trading is obtained due to this multiobjective approach. Numerical results based on the standard IEEE 30-bus test system illustrate the proficiency of the proposed approach.

Abstract
This paper discusses an integrated framework for cost allocation of energy losses of electric distribution systems under liberalised energy markets. As key contribution is developed an allocation strategy based upon Locational and Uniform Incremental Prices. The locational incremental prices send efficient economical signals to distributed generators with incentives for loss minimisation and uniform incremental pricing are applied to consumers avoiding non-discriminatory access to the network due to the consumer's geographical localisation. Proposed methodology has been tested and compared with different loss allocation procedures reported in literature under the scope of the social welfare theory in order to assess its impact in the market equilibrium. Copyright © 2007 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.