Abstract
Low bit rate audio coding often results in the loss of a number of key audio attributes such as audio bandwidth and stereo separation. Additionally, there is also typically a loss in the level of details and intelligibility and/or warmth in the signal. Due to the proliferation, e.g. on Internet, of low bit rate audio coded using a variety of coding schemes and bit rates over which the listener has no control, it is becoming increasingly attractive to incorporate processing tools in the player which can ensure a consistent listener experience. We describe a novel post-processing toolkit which incorporates tools for (i) Stereo Enhancement, (ii) Blind Bandwidth Extension, (iii) Automatic Noise Removal and Audio Enhancement, and, (iv) Blind 2-to-5 channel upmixing. Algorithmic details, listening results, and audio demonstrations are presented.

Abstract
We study a countable class of real-valued functions inductively defined from a basic set of trivial functions by composition, solving first-order differential equations and the taking of infinite limits. This class is the analytical counterpart of Kleene's partial recursive functions. By counting the number of nested limits required to de. ne a function, this class can be stratified by a potentially infinite hierarchy-a hierarchy of infinite limits. In the first meaningful level of the hierarchy, we have the extensions of classical primitive recursive functions. In the next level, we find partial recursive functions, and in the following level we find the solution to the halting problem. We use methods from numerical analysis to show that the hierarchy does not collapse, concluding that the taking of infinite limits can always produce new functions from functions in the previous levels of the hierarchy.

Abstract
The wider use of healthcare information systems and the easier integration and sharing of patient clinical information can facilitate a wider access to medical records. The main goal of this paper is to perform a systematic review to analyze published work that studied the impact of facilitating patients' access to their medical record. Moreover, this review includes the analysis of the potential benefits and drawbacks on patient attitudes, doctor-patient relationship and on medical practice. In order to fill a gap in terms of the electronic medical record (EMR) impact within this issue, this review will focus on the use of EMR for patients to access their medical records as well as the advantages and disadvantages that this can bring. The articles included in the study were identified using MEDLINE and Scopus databases and revised according to their title and abstract and, afterwards, their full text was read considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. From the 165 articles obtained in MEDLINE a total of 12 articles were selected. From Scopus, 2 articles were obtained, so a total of 14 articles were included in the review. The studies revealed that patients' access to medical records can be beneficial for both patients and doctors, since it enhances communication between them whilst helping patients to better understand their health condition. The drawbacks (for instance causing confusion and anxiety to patients) seem to be minimal. However, patients continue to show concerns about confidentiality and understanding what is written in their records. The studies showed that the use of EMR can bring several advantages in terms of security solutions as well as improving the correctness and completeness of the patient records.

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) object reconstruction using only bi-dimensional (2D) images has been a major research topic in Computer Vision. However, it is still a complex problem to solve, when automation, speed and precision are required. In the work presented in this paper, we developed a computational platform with the main purpose of building 3D geometric models from uncalibrated images of objects. Simplicity and automation were our major guidelines to choose volumetric reconstruction methods, such as Generalized Voxel Coloring. This method uses photo-consistency measures to build an accurate 3D geometric model, without imposing any kind of restrictions on the relative motion between the camera used and the object to be reconstructed. Our final goal is to use our computational platform in building and characterize human external anatomical shapes using a single off-the-shelf camera.

Abstract
Various programming languages allow the construction of structure-shy programs. Such programs are defined generically for many different datatypes and only specify specific behavior for a few relevant subtypes. Typical examples are XML query languages that allow selection of subdocuments without exhaustively specifying intermediate element tags. Other examples are languages and libraries for polytypic or strategic functional programming and for adaptive object-oriented programming. In this paper, we present an algebraic approach to transformation of declarative structure-shy programs, in particular for strategic functions and XML queries. We formulate a rich set of algebraic laws, not just for transformation of structure-shy programs, but also for their conversion into structure-sensitive programs and vice versa. We show how subsets of these laws can be used to construct effective rewrite systems for specialization, generalization, and optimization of structure-shy programs. We present a type-safe encoding of these rewrite systems in Haskell which itself uses strategic functional programming techniques. Copyright © 2007 ACM.

Abstract