Abstract
This paper presents a new and efficient methodology for distribution network reconfiguration integrated with optimal power flow (OPF) based on a Benders decomposition approach. The objective minimizes power losses, load balancing among feeders, and is subject to constraints: capacity limit of branches, minimum and maximum power limits of substations or distributed generators, minimum deviation of bus voltages, and radial optimal operation of networks. A specific approach of the Generalized Benders decomposition algorithm is applied to solve the problem. The formulation can be embedded under two stages: the first one is the Master problem and is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem. This stage determines the radial topology of the distribution network. The second stage is the Slave problem and is formulated as a nonlinear programming problem. This stage is used to determine the feasibility of the Master problem solution by means of an OPF and provides information to formulate the linear Benders cuts that connect both problems. The model is programmed in the General Algebraic Modeling System. The effectiveness of the proposal is demonstrated through three examples extracted from the literature.

Abstract
Emergent architectures and paradigms targeting reconfigurable manufacturing systems increasingly rely on intelligent models to maximize the robustness and responsiveness of modern installations. Although intelligent behaviour significantly minimizes the occurrence of faults and breakdowns it does not exclude them nor can prevent equipment's normal wear. Adequate maintenance is fundamental to extend equipments' life cycle. It is of major importance the ability of each intelligent device to take an active role in maintenance support. This paper proposes a maintenance architecture supporting maintenance teams' management and offering contextualized operational support. All the functionalities hosted by the architecture are offered to the remaining system as network services. Any intelligent module, implementing the services' interface, can report diagnostic, prognostic and maintenance recommendations that enable the core of the platform to decide on the best course of action. © 2009 IFAC.

Abstract
Web accessibility is growing in importance as each day goes by. Alongside this growth, is also the need for access to web resources, by those with some sort of disability. The web is very important for spreading information and for the interaction between the various society elements. Given this, it is essential that the web presents itself as a totally accessible resource, so that it can help disabled citizens in their integration within society. This obligation should be greater for enterprises where the web is used as a marketing and business platform. With this paper we would like to present a study with indicators regarding the accessibility levels of Portuguese enterprises websites and, we would also like to present a brief comparison between the accessibility levels of the 1000 largest Portuguese enterprises websites and the accessibility levels of the 1000 best Portuguese SMEs websites.

Abstract
We show that a wide class of bidirectional data-flow analyses and program optimizations based on them admit declarative descriptions in the form of type systems. The salient feature is a clear separation between what constitutes a valid analysis and how the strongest one can be computed (via the type checking versus principal type inference distinction). The approach also facilitates elegant relational semantic soundness definitions and proofs for analyses and optimizations, with an application to mechanical transformation of program proofs, useful in proof-carrying code. Unidirectional forward and backward analyses are covered as special cases; the technicalities in the general bidirectional case arise from more subtle notions of valid and principal types. To demonstrate the viability of the approach we consider two examples that are inherently bidirectional: type inference (seen as a data-flow problem) for a structured language where the type of a variable may change over a program's run and the analysis underlying a stack usage optimization for a stack-based low-level language. ©2009 ACM.

Abstract
This paper describes an operational optimization strategy to be adopted at the wind park control level, that enables defining the commitment of wind turbines and their active and reactive power outputs following requests from wind Park Dispatch Centers, assuming that individual wind turbines short-term wind speed forecasts ate known and are expressed as power availability. This operational strategy was also developed with a concern on the minimization of the connection/disconnection changes of the individual wind generators. fora given time horizon. When identifying the active/reactive dispatching policies, wind generators loading capabilities are also taken in account. This optimization tool is especially suited to manage large wind parks.

Abstract
It is imperative for an organization to identify potential constraints to e-business in order to minimize the risk derived from its c-business initiative. Hence, in this paper, we have used a maturity stage model (Stages Of Growth Model for c-business SOGe) to identify the maturity stage of the biggest Portuguese enterprises and to report the findings of a study that sought to explore a range of constraints that the literature suggests influences c-business evolution, so that organizations could be better equipped in anticipating any difficulties while in progress through their. e-business initiatives. Questionnaires were applied to investigate the research problem. It was administered to 1000 managing directors of the biggest (according to the amount of business) Portuguese enterprises. Results suggest that Portuguese enterprises had a positive evolution between 2005 and 2007, and that, in lower maturity stages, the constraints are more significant.