Abstract
The implementation of innovative network solutions to allow for an increase of micro-generation and demand side integration are highly dependent on building scale and cost effective infrastructures, where sharing of responsibilities among different stakeholders is the basis for a proper implementation of an active distribution network concept. In order to integrate large amounts of small and micro-generation (µG) units that exploit different power sources (with high or no intermittency) together with controllable loads and storage devices it is necessary to develop flexible management and control solutions where responsibilities for the system operation are shared between Distribution System Operators (DSO), customers and Distributed Generation (DG) units according to a regulatory environment. The incentives provided to the different parties (stakeholders) may have a major impact on their decision to adopt Micro-grid and Multi Micro-grid concepts. Therefore, an identification of the benefits and costs associated with these concepts adoption is needed in order to recognize the real value of their deployment. Moreover, only by proper allocation of these costs and benefits, each stakeholder affected may receive the right incentive to opt for Micro-grid and Multi Micro-grid solutions. The DSO is interested in maximizing profits, by minimizing the capital and operational costs related to the distribution service (for instance, loss reduction and reinforcement costs) and at the same time achieving the performance goals imposed by the regulators [1]. Micro-generation developers make decision considering capital and operational expenditures, the connection costs, and use of system charges. Incomes from energy selling (which may include RES incentives) are the main goals (benefits) for the µG investors. Therefore, one of the priorities of regulators is to ensure that these benefits are perceived by µG developers. Finally, customers may be asked to share with the DSO the responsibility for an increased reliable system and for having the possibility to reduce their bills when exploiting the best market options offered by different traders. This paper presents a detailed identification and characterization of the different benefits and costs for each stakeholder involved. Some of these benefits can be identified and allocated directly to a certain stakeholder, while others need to be shared among a large group of players, involving the society in general (for example CO2 emissions reduction, job creation).

Abstract
We introduce the yes-no decision model, where individuals can make the decision yes or no. We characterize the coherent and uncoherent strategies that are Nash equilibria. Each decision tiling indicates the way coherent and uncoherent Nash equilibria co-exist and change with the relative decision preferences of the individuals for the yes or no decision. There are 289 combinatorial classes of decision tilings, described by the decision bussola, which demonstrates the high complexity of making decision.

Abstract
In ecological economics the debate on formalism and formalization has been addressed in the context of a lively discussion on ecological economics as a 'post-normal' (versus 'normal') science. Using ecological economics (EE) as a 'seed' journal and applying bibliometric techniques to all (2533) the articles published in EE from January 1989 to December 2009, we analyze the evolution of the field of ecological economics aiming to shed light on this debate. We observe the predominance (and increased relevance) of certain research topics: 'Methodological issues', 'Policies, governance and institutions' and 'Valuation'. Moreover, 'Collective action', 'Technical change and the environment' and 'Values' stand as emergent themes of research. Finally, we note that ecological economics experienced an 'empirical turn' reflected in a shift away from exclusively formalized papers towards exclusively empirical and, to a larger extent, 'formal and empirical' ones. The combination of the prominent and emergent topics and the 'empirical turn' mirrors the increasing awareness among researchers in the field of the need to address a key specificity of ecological economics - the interdependence of the economic, biophysical and social spheres. On this basis, we argue that at least through the lens of EE, ecological economics has evolved towards a post-normal science.

Abstract
From the studies developed so far, it is a general consensus that Electric Vehicles (EV), when properly managed, can provide many benefits to the grid operation. In the power systems of islands the potential benefits may be even larger. The case of S. Miguel Island, in the Azorean archipelago, may be one of such cases. This island achieves typically an annual peak power of 75 MW and a valley slightly higher than 30 MW. Currently, around 75% of its installed capacity is formed by fuel units, 22% by geothermal units and the rest by small hydro units. Yet, there are numerous unexplored endogenous resources in this place, especially geothermal and wind power, which cannot be used due to technical restrictions. Geothermal is limited by the valley load as the involved technology is not suited for load following, even with very small ramp rates. Wind power requires sufficient conventional spinning reserve to be safely integrated due to the variability of the wind resource. High EV integration, with an adequate charging management, would then increase base load allowing further geothermal and a reduced need for conventional spinning reserves. This paper evaluates the benefits of the presence of EV as controllable loads performing frequency control in a scenario with abundant wind resource availability, where a sudden loss of wind power production over a short period of time occurs. Ultimately, this work will show that S. Miguel power system would benefit from the presence of EV. A comparison with the conventional approach considering EV as regular loads will also be performed for benchmarking purposes.

Abstract
Service-oriented Computing (SOC) is being applied in industrial manufacturing automation to face the current demand for modular, flexible and reconfigurable solutions. Highlighted from the other existing methodologies, SOC may carry an alternative but natural solution to design and engineer manufacturing automation systems and consequently the ability to seamless integrate into the modern IT-enterprise. However, SOC still has a long way to be adopted by industrial solutions, mainly fulfilling the particularities of the manufacturing domain. This paper discusses the applicability of the SOC in industrial manufacturing automation by using a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis. The discussed aspects show the great potential of SOC to solve industrial manufacturing automation problems, but also the need to smooth some sharp edges.

Abstract
We present a model of an Edgeworthian exchange economy where two goods are traded in a market place. For a specific class of random matching Edgeworthian economies, the expectation of the limiting equilibrium price coincides with that of related Walrasian economies. The novelty of our model is that we assign a bargaining skill factor to each participant which introduces a game, similar to the prisoner's dilemma, into the usual Edgeworth exchange economy. We analyze the effect of the bargaining skill factor on the amount of goods acquired and the overall increase in the utility of the consumer. Finally, we let the bargaining skills of the participants evolve with subsequent trades and study the impact of this change over time.