Abstract
PurposeDetecting anomalous access to electronic health records (EHRs) is critical for safeguarding patient privacy and ensuring compliance with healthcare regulations. Traditional anomaly detection methods often struggle in this domain due to extreme class imbalance, limited labelled data and the subtlety of insider threats. This study proposes a lightweight, hybrid anomaly detection framework that integrates unsupervised, supervised and rule-based approaches using a meta-classifier architecture.Design/methodology/approachAn experimental and model-development approach is employed, combining machine learning techniques with domain-inspired rule modelling to construct a hybrid anomaly detection framework for healthcare access logs. Performance of the algorithm is measured using standard classification metrics such as precision, recall, F1-score and accuracy.FindingsEvaluated on a synthetic but realistic dataset of 50.000 normal and 500 labelled anomalous healthcare access events, the proposed framework achieved superior performance compared to standalone models as well as other hybrid models, with an F1-score of 0.8989 and recall of 0.8180. It also maintained low inference latency (0.028 ms) and energy consumption (4.03e-07 kg CO2), making it suitable for deployment in resource-constrained clinical environments.Originality/valueThis study highlights the potential of a hybrid meta-classifier to enhance anomaly detection in healthcare access logs, capturing both subtle and obvious anomalies while outperforming conventional models and remaining efficient, scalable and practical for real-time monitoring.

Abstract
This report describes the ICDAR 2025 Competition on Automatic Classification of Literary Epochs (ICDAR 2025 CoLiE), which consisted of two tasks focused on automatic prediction of the time in which a book was written (date of first publication). Both tasks comprised two sub-tasks, where a related fine-grained classification was addressed. Task 1 consisted of the identification of literary epochs, such as Romanticism or Modernism (sub-task 1.1), and a more precise classification of the period within the epoch (sub-task 1.2). Task 2 addressed the chronological identification of century (sub-task 2.1) or decade (sub-task 2.2). The compiled dataset and the reported findings are valuable to the scientific community and contribute to advancing research in the automatic dating of texts and its applications in digital humanities and temporal text analysis.

Abstract
Humour poses a unique challenge for artificial intelligence, as it often relies on non-literal language, cultural references, and linguistic creativity. The JOKER Lab, now in its fourth year, aims to advance computational humour research through shared tasks on curated, multilingual datasets, with applications in education, computer-mediated communication and translation, and conversational AI. This paper provides an overview of the JOKER Lab held at CLEF 2025, detailing the setup and results of its three main tasks: (1) humour-aware information retrieval, which involves searching a document collection for humorous texts relevant to user queries in either English or Portuguese; (2) pun translation, focussed on humour-preserving translation of paronomastic jokes from English into French; and (3) onomastic wordplay translation, a task addressing the translation of name-based wordplay from English into French. The 2025 edition builds upon previous iterations by expanding datasets and emphasising nuanced, manual evaluation methods. The Task 1 results show a marked improvement this year, apparently due to participants' judicious combination of retrieval and filtering techniques. Tasks 2 and 3 remain challenging, not only in terms of system performance but also in terms of defining meaningful and reliable evaluation metrics.

Abstract
Contrastive Analysis (CA) detects anomalies by contrasting patterns unique to a target group (e.g., unhealthy subjects) from those in a background group (e.g., healthy subjects). In the context of brain MRIs, existing CA approaches rely on supervised contrastive learning or variational autoencoders (VAEs) using both healthy and unhealthy data, but such reliance on target samples is challenging in clinical settings. Unsupervised Anomaly Detection (UAD) learns a reference representation of healthy anatomy, eliminating the need for target samples. Deviations from this reference distribution can indicate potential anomalies. In this context, diffusion models have been increasingly adopted in UAD due to their superior performance in image generation compared to VAEs. Nonetheless, precisely reconstructing the anatomy of the brain remains a challenge. In this work, we bridge CA and UAD by reformulating contrastive analysis principles for the unsupervised setting. We propose an unsupervised framework to improve the reconstruction quality by training a self-supervised contrastive encoder on healthy images to extract meaningful anatomical features. These features are used to condition a diffusion model to reconstruct the healthy appearance of a given image, enabling interpretable anomaly localization via pixel-wise comparison. We validate our approach through a proof-of-concept on a facial image dataset and further demonstrate its effectiveness on four brain MRI datasets, outperforming baseline methods in anomaly localization on the NOVA benchmark.

Abstract
This integrative literature review synthesizes insights from multiple disciplines to address the challenges and opportunities in designing digital communication interfaces for persons with Locked-In Syndrome (LIS). The paper highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach that includes ethical co-design, visual design principles, and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). It emphasizes how important it is to have user-friendly, visually appealing, and accessible interfaces to help persons with LIS to communicate more effectively. Important technologies are evaluated for their potential to improve communication, including Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR & VR), Eye Tracking, and Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). To guarantee that the emerging technologies are both efficient and considerate of user demands, the review emphasizes the significance of ethical considerations and patient-centered design. This study intends to direct future design-based action research in constructing functional digital communication systems, using head-mounted Extended Reality (XR) technologies, by combining the various research findings from the review.

Abstract
We consider the problem of selecting bases for firefighting activities (e.g., vigilance, water refill, initial attack) and links between them in the context of wildfire promptness. Bases can be facilities, such as watchtowers and water tanks, or positions from where an initial attack is conducted. It is assumed that it is advantageous to connect bases in such a way that resources (e.g. ground crews) can quickly move between them. The general problem is modelled in a general way as integration of a set covering problem (for selecting the location of the bases) and a travelling salesman problem where the cities are the selected locations and the arcs the links that connect them. We propose a mixed integer programming model where objectives are addressed by lexicographic optimization. The first objective is related to cover potential ignition points with a high estimate of their initial spread rate of the fire at the detection time. Computational experiments are discussed for a scenario, of an actual landscape, with parameters estimated from a fire behaviour model that takes into account slope, fuels, and wind. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.