Abstract
This paper presents Enki, a web-based IDE that integrates several pedagogical tools designed to engage students in learning programming languages. Enki achieves this goal (1) by sequencing educational resources, either expository or evaluative, (2) by using gamification services to entice students to solve activities, (3) by promoting social interaction and (4) by helping students with activities, providing feedback on submitted solutions. The paper describes Enki, its concept and architecture, details its design and implementation, and covers also its validation.

Abstract
The economic crisis which started in 2008 has demonstrated more clearly the importance of conjuncture aspects for organizational results evidencing associated opportunities and vulnerabilities. In such a context, if on one hand innovation is affected by investment reduction by most enterprises, on the other it has shown to be one of the “antidotes” against the crisis and appears as fertile soil for investments, in the organizational as well as in the territorial context. Enterprises and countries which maintained or even raised efforts toward innovation have demonstrated a higher resilience in times of difficulty. This study aims at identifying opportunities and threats to the innovation performance of firms by means of the study of the crisis effects upon external facilitators and barriers. Besides the literature review, case studies developed in Portuguese and Brazilian enterprises are used for the analysis of the practical effects of the identified aspects in two distinct realities in what concerns the economic crisis. The results show that although Portugal has suffered the crisis effects, in a general way, more than Brazil, when we look to innovation performance, Portugal has shown better results than Brazil during and after the crisis. This study contributes to enterprise and academic purposes since it classifies factors which influence innovation positive or negatively in times of crisis.

Abstract
PRONUTRISENIOR is a holistic approach that considers older adults as part of their environment, in order to better assist health professionals, caregivers and other professionals to monitor their nutritional status and thus reduce malnutrition in this population group. The education and empowerment of professionals were preceded by an assessment of the community and its environment. Such information was subsequently incorporated into the educational and informational materials to support training and empowerment programs. This paper presents the project rationale, describes the methods applied to attain the objectives defined within the scope of the older adults living in its environment, and presents general data on the studied population and sample.

Abstract
Wireless sensor networks are notoriously difficult to program and debug. This fact not only stems from the nature of the hardware, but also from the current approaches for developing programming languages and runtime systems for these platforms. In particular, current systems do not place enough stress on providing formal descriptions of the language and its runtime system, and on proving static properties, like type-safety and soundness. In this paper, we present the design, specification, and implementation of a programming language and a runtime system for wireless sensor networks that are safe by design. We say this in the sense that we can statically detect a large set of would-be runtime errors, and that the runtime system will not incorrectly execute an application, once the latter is deployed. We have a full prototype implementation of the system that supports SunSPOT devices, the simulation tool VisualSense, and local computer networks for fast deployment and testing of applications. Development is supported by an IDE implemented on top of the Eclipse tool that embeds both the compiler and the virtual machine seamlessly, and is used to produce software releases.

Abstract

Abstract
Background Introduction: Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is a well-defined clinical syndrome. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is the most frequent associated disease to RP (96%). The aim of this study was to assess the differences between primary RP (PRP) and secondary RP (SRP) regarding macrovascular disease parameters, endothelial dysfunction and angiogenesis biomarkers. Materials and methods Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), endothelin-1 (ET-1), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endoglin and endostatin were analyzed in a cohort study of 32 PRP patients and 77 SRP all with SSc. 38 of the SRP SSc-associated patients had severe digital ulcer (DU). Results Patients with PRP had significantly longer history of RP compared to SRP SSc-sssociated patients (p = 0.028). FMD was significantly lower in SRP patients 10.85 ± 11.0% (p < 0.001), more evidenced in SRP SSc-associated DU patients 5.34 ± 7.49 (p < 0.001). ET-1 plasma levels were significantly increased in both PRP 7.53 (0.16-11.73) and SRP patients 11.85 (7.42-17.23) (p < 0.001). Significant increased serum levels of ADMA 0.52 (0.45-0.63) µmol/L (p < 0.001) and endoglin 3.01 (1.46-7.02) mg/ml (p < 0.001) were found in the SRP SSc-associated group with DU. VEGF was significantly decreased in the DU group 245.06 (158.68-347.33) pg/ml compared to PRP 438.50 (269.26-854.00) pg/ml and SRP naïve-DU patients 290 (166.71-361.78) pg/ml patients (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found between groups regarding endostatin (p = 0.118). Comparing PRP and SRP SSc-associated patients without DU no statistically significant difference regarding FMD, ET-1, ADMA, VEGF, plasma levels were observed. Conclusion Overproduction of ET-1 and VEGF is present in PRP patients. Macrovascular disease and an impaired response to shear stress are more characteristic of SRP with a grater expression in patients with peripheral ischemic lesions. © 2016 Sociedade Portuguesa de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular.