Abstract
Education is the most successful strategy for a country's growth and development. It is widely agreed that it is the most effective means that society possesses for dealing with the challenges of the future. Nevertheless, higher education has been confronted and needs, therefore, to redefine its historic role as the center of universal knowledge and understanding. This chapter analyzes the importance of internationalization on higher education institutions and enable us to better understand how they are changing as a consequence of the globalization process. Using the University of Aveiro as a case study, we will be studying what internationalization is in a higher education context and which rationales, approaches, and activities are associated with the internationalization process. Furthermore, the appropriateness of theories of internationalization specifically developed for business contexts will be portrayed at the end of the chapter.

Abstract
This paper proposes the linear frequency cepstral coefficients as highly discriminative features for anomaly detection in ball bearings using vibration sensor data. These features are based on cepstral analysis and are capable of encoding the patterns of a spectral magnitude profile. Incipient damages on bearings can grow rapidly under normal use resulting in vibration and harsh noise. If left undetected, this damage will worsen, leading to high maintenance costs or even injury. Multiple interferences in an industrial environment contaminate the signal, making it a challenge to correctly identify the bearings' condition. Many studies have attempted to overcome this issue at the signal level. However, the discriminative capacity of the current vibration signal features is still vulnerable to interference, which motivates this work. In order to demonstrate the benefits of these features, we (1) show that they are computationally efficient and suitable for real-time incremental training; (2) conduct discriminative analysis by evaluating the separability performance and comparing it with the state of the art; and (3) test the robustness of the proposed features under noise interference, which is ideal for use in the harsh operating conditions of industrial machinery. The data was obtained from a laboratory workbench setting that reproduces bearing fault scenarios. Results show that the proposed features are fast, competitive when compared to state-of-the-art features, and resilient to high levels of interference. Despite the higher performance when using the quadratic model, the proposed features remain highly discriminative when used with several other discriminant function.

Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of demineralization solution on the optical properties of chicken femoral samples. Biomaterials based on bone have gained importance in clinical applications due to their properties as better osseointegration and biocompatibility. Biomateriais (bone substitute) are essentials to auxiliary in treatment of diseases related to bones such as bone density disorder, low bone mineral mass and the deterioration of bone tissue. Our data shows that integrating sphere technique permits to determinate significant difference in optical properties between healthy and demineralized samples. In this work, the optical properties of bone samples from chicken femur have been measured over the wavelength range 700–1000 nm.

Abstract
We hear more and more about autonomous vehicles, however, where are we heading with automation? Recently, we have heard about some crashes of autonomous vehicles, which have occurred during trials. Therefore, can this technology be trusted? Equally important, what kind of moral and ethical questions are behind the decisions that a vehicle like this must make? Who should be saved if someone must die, in a car accident? The elderly, or perhaps younger people? Executives or the homeless? People who follow traffic rules, or is that not relevant? This article will start by reviewing some of the ethical questions that have already been raised and results found within the public domain. Then the article proceeds by discussing our survey, administered in Portugal, with 111 answers. For situations which would seemingly lead to an obvious consensus and to a 100% agreement on the matter, we found this to not be the case, as our survey never achieved such polarized results. For example, even when confronted with saving pet animals or children, there was still a split in the choice made (albeit pending heavily towards saving the children). This goes to show how people are different and make different choices in life. Are we superior to animals and do we have a greater right to life than pets? Of course, this is debatable, according to differing values and cultures. Therefore, it follows that much debate should ensue as to how to program autonomous vehicles to behave - in case the loss of life (in whatever form) is at stake. Automation, as such, is thus leading us down ambiguous avenues where grey areas abound and we may simply not know what is best all of the time. Automation is thus making us work harder at being human beings and is bringing us to new levels of rationality - where emotions should also play a big part. The spontaneity and intuitiveness of human decision-making being taken out of the equation (when an accident occurs without automated cars that is how we think) makes many pre-meditated decisions uncertain and unpopular. Profoundly humane issues, which are often culture specific, are thus yet to be discussed.

Abstract
The interest in modeling the operation of large-scale battery energy storage systems (BESS) for analyzing power grid applications is rising. This is due to the increasing storage capacity installed in power systems for providing ancillary services and supporting nonprogrammable renewable energy sources (RES). BESS numerical models suitable for grid-connected applications must offer a trade-off, keeping a high accuracy even with limited computational effort. Moreover, they are asked to be viable in modeling for real-life equipment, and not just accurate in the simulation of the electrochemical section. The aim of this study is to develop a numerical model for the analysis of the grid-connected BESS operation; the main goal of the proposal is to have a test protocol based on standard equipment and just based on charge/discharge tests, i.e., a procedure viable for a BESS owner without theoretical skills in electrochemistry or lab procedures, and not requiring the ability to disassemble the BESS in order to test each individual component. The BESS model developed is characterized by an experimental campaign. The test procedure itself is framed in the context of this study and adopted for the experimental campaign on a commercial large-scale BESS. Once the model is characterized by the experimental parameters, it undergoes the verification and validation process by testing its accuracy in simulating the provision of frequency regulation. A case study is presented for the sake of presenting a potential application of the model. The procedure developed and validated is replicable in any other facility, due to the low complexity of the proposed experimental set. This could help stakeholders to accurately simulate several layouts of network services.

Abstract
In this paper, demand-side management (DSM) is performed through demand response aggregators (DRAs) in an uncertain environment within zonal price market framework. The proposed scheme aims to allow cross-border electricity trading and optimize interconnections usage as well as to obtain optimum DR volume from the perspective of the Market Coupling Operator (MCO). The market consists of several zonal price markets as Nominated Electricity Market Operators (NEMO) who run their day-ahead and balancing market internally and communicate the information to the MCO to provide the cooperation with other NEMOs. To this end, a stochastic two-stage model is formulated in which the total operation cost from MCO's viewpoint is minimized. Accordingly, the model aims to consider day-ahead decisions in the first stage and balancing decisions in the second stage. Furthermore, the intermittent nature of renewable sources generation is handled by scenario generation with Monte-Carlo Simulation (MCS) method. NEMOs are physically connected as radial network. Therefore, all relative network constraints are taken into account as a linear power flow for radial networks. The results of the implementation of the proposed model demonstrate the effectiveness of various DR biddings on hourly DR volume, hourly DR cost and power exchange between different NEMOS. © 2019 IEEE.