Abstract
Medical imaging is a rich source of invaluable information necessary for clinical judgements. However, the analysis of those exams is not a trivial assignment. In recent times, the use of deep learning (DL) techniques, supervised or unsupervised, has been empowered and it is one of the current research key areas in medical image analysis. This paper presents a survey of the use of DL architectures in computer-assisted imaging contexts, attending two different image modalities: the actively studied computed tomography and the under-studied positron emission tomography, as well as the combination of both modalities, which has been an important landmark in several decisions related to numerous diseases. In the making of this review, we analysed over 180 relevant studies, published between 2014 and 2019, that are sectioned by the purpose of the research and the imaging modality type. We conclude by addressing research issues and suggesting future directions for further improvement. To our best knowledge, there is no previous work making a review of this issue.

Abstract
Collecting complex information on the status of machinery is the enabler for advanced maintenance activities, and one of the main players in this process is the sensor. This paper describes modern maintenance strategies that lead to Condition-Based Maintenance. This paper discusses the sensors that can be used to support maintenance, as of different categories, spanning from common off-the-shelf sensors, to specialized sensors monitoring very specific characteristics, and to virtual sensors. This paper also presents four different real-world examples of project pilots that make use of the described sensors and draws a comparison between them. In particular, each scenario has unique characteristics requiring different families of sensors, but on the other hand provides similar characteristics on other aspects.

Abstract
Game Theory (GT) formalizes dispute scenarios between two or more players where each one makes a move following their strategy profiles. The following paper introduces the integration of GT to selection and crossover steps of Genetic Algorithms as an evolutionary model of the representation of population in a similar way to human social evolution. Two ideas are proposed to be incorporated into the GA. First, the Genetic Algorithm with Social Interaction (GASI), a family of GAs that uses GT in selection phase to increase the diversification of the solutions. Second, the (Game-Based Crossover) GBX and GBX2 crossover operators, competition-based tournament selection methods that employ social dispute to generate more diverse offspring. Performance and robustness of the new approaches were assessed by ten continuous and constrained engineering design optimization problems and compared against variants of the canonical GA, as well as well-known heuristics from the literature. Results indicate significant performance relevance in most instances compared to other algorithms and highlight the benefits of combining GT and GA.

Abstract
There is an ongoing paradigm shift occurring in the electricity sector. In particular, previously passive consumers are now becoming active prosumers and they can now offer important and cost-effective new forms of flexibility and demand response potential to the electricity sector and this can translate into system-wide operational and economic benefits. This work focuses on developing a model where prosumers participate in demand response programs through varying tariff schemes, and the model also quantifies the benefits of this flexibility and cost-reductions. This work includes transactive energy trading between various prosumers, the grid and the neighborhood. A stochastic tool is developed for this analysis, which also allows the quantification of the collective behavior so that the periods with the greatest demand response potential can be identified. Numerical results indicate that the optimization of energy transactions amongst the prosumers, and including the grid, leads to considerable cost reductions as well as introducing additional flexibility in the presence of demand response mechanisms.

Abstract
Fingerprint presentation attack detection (PAD) methods present a stunning performance in current literature. However, the fingerprint PAD generalisation problem is still an open challenge requiring the development of methods able to cope with sophisticated and unseen attacks as our eventual intruders become more capable. This work addresses this problem by applying a regularisation technique based on an adversarial training and representation learning specifically designed to to improve the PAD generalisation capacity of the model to an unseen attack. In the adopted approach, the model jointly learns the representation and the classifier from the data, while explicitly imposing invariance in the high-level representations regarding the type of attacks for a robust PAD. The application of the adversarial training methodology is evaluated in two different scenarios: i) a handcrafted feature extraction method combined with a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP); and ii) an end-to-end solution using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The experimental results demonstrated that the adopted regularisation strategies equipped the neural networks with increased PAD robustness. The adversarial approach particularly improved the CNN models' capacity for attacks detection in the unseen-attack scenario, showing remarkable improved APCER error rates when compared to state-of-the-art methods in similar conditions.

Abstract
In a globalization context, underlined by the speed of technological transformation and increasingly competitive markets, the perspective of human capital, as an asset of strategic importance, stands out in differentiating human resource practices. Under this reality, the employer branding (EB) concept gains more and more importance as a strategic tool to attract, retain, and involve human capital, given that this has become a source of competitive advantage to companies. Within this context, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between employer branding strategies implemented by organizations, as well as their impact on the employee's affective commitment, evident in certain organizational cultures, which are sustained over time. The methodological framework applied to this study is quantitative, and the data collection was carried out with the application of an employer branding and an affective commitment questionnaire. To achieve a good representation of the active population, the sample of the quantitative study was composed of 172 individuals, working in the public and private sectors in Portugal, exercising different positions in the different sectors of activity. Results obtained with these techniques indicate a high level of affective organizational commitment (AOC) of employees in the organizations surveyed, suggesting that affective commitment develops when the individual becomes involved and identifies with the organization.