Abstract
The increasing adoption of the Digital Twin concept and technology for managing complex physical assets has led to the emergence of Digital Twin Ecosystems, where interconnected digital twins generate additional value. However, ensuring seamless data sharing and interoperability among diverse systems presents significant challenges. Although research on digital twin architectures has advanced, gaps remain in addressing data governance, security, and stakeholders' trust. This study performs a comprehensive literature review to investigate architectural solutions to overcome challenges in digital twin ecosystems. The findings identify key requirements such as interoperability, governance, and data management, emphasizing the role of Data Spaces as enablers of secure data sharing. By structuring the requirements for digital twin ecosystem architectures, this paper identifies gaps suggesting future research on scalable and sustainable digital twin ecosystem implementations. These insights are expected to contribute to the development of frameworks that integrate technical advances with organizational and regulatory considerations, ultimately fostering the adoption of digital twin ecosystems across industries.

Abstract
This paper evaluates an Augmented Reality (AR) solution designed to support quality control in a assembly line inspection station before body marriage at a European automotive manufacturer. A threephase methodology was applied: an AS-IS assessment, a formative evaluation of an intermediate prototype, and a summative evaluation under real production conditions. The AR solution aimed to improve task standardization, non-value-added time (NVAT), and enhance operator accuracy. The results showed that operators successfully developed inspections using the AR tool, identifying and correcting non-conformities (NOKs) while maintaining task duration. Participants valued having contextual information directly in their field of vision and reported increased rigor and consistency. However, usability and ergonomic improvements were noted, such as headset weight, gesture interaction, and visibility over dark components. The findings highlight AR's potential to support operator autonomy and accuracy in industrial environments while emphasizing the need for human-centered design and integration to ensure long-term adoption.

Abstract

Abstract
This study presents a photovoltaic (PV)-based electric vehicle (EV) charging system designed to optimize energy use and support isolated microgrid operations. The system integrates PV panels, DC/AC, AC/DC, and DC/DC converters, voltage and frequency droop control, and two energy management algorithms: Power Sharing and SEWP (Spread Energy with Priority). The DC/AC converter demonstrated high efficiency, with stable AC output and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) limited to 1%. The MPPT algorithm ensured optimal energy extraction under both gradual and abrupt irradiance variations. The DC/DC converter operated in constant current mode followed by constant voltage regulation, enabling stable power delivery and preserving battery integrity. The Power Sharing algorithm, which distributes PV energy equally, favored vehicles with a higher initial state of charge (SOC), while leaving low-SOC vehicles at modest levels, reducing satisfaction under limited irradiance. In contrast, SEWP prioritized low-SOC EVs, enabling them to achieve higher SOC values compared to the Power Sharing algorithm, reducing SOC dispersion and enhancing fairness. The integration of voltage and frequency droop controls allowed the station to support microgrid stability by limiting reactive power injection to 30% of apparent power and adjusting charging current in response to frequency deviation.

Abstract
Recent technological advancements have increased computer crime, requiring public authorities to implement structured mitigation strategies. While initiatives exist to improve digital literacy on device security, they must also address the complexities of computer crime. Using Design Science Research, this study investigated the applicability of chatbots to raise awareness of computer crime in a public administration setting. A systematic literature review highlighted the issue's relevance and identified knowledge gaps. A scoping review gathered concepts, methodologies, technologies, architectures, and tools for developing and evaluating an effective chatbot. The design and development phase included a detailed proposal for a sophisticated chatbot architecture. During the demonstration and evaluation phases, the utility of the chatbot was tested in the domain of conversational flow efficiency and usability. The study's primary results and contributions are to assess the chatbot's effectiveness in raising awareness of computer crime on public websites. Future work should focus on implementing the chatbot in the actual context of public administration, proposing a network of specialized conversational assistants, and improving public service interoperability to enhance computer crime awareness.

Abstract
Evaluating diffusion properties of novel optical clearing (OC) agents is critical for advancing medical imaging. Tartrazine (TTZ), a strong absorbing dye, has shown promise in enhancing tissue transparency, yet its diffusion properties remain uncharacterized. In this work, OC treatments with TTZ-water solutions with varying osmolarities were performed, and the diffusion times (tau) that characterize the tissue dehydration and the RI matching mechanisms were estimated. From kinetic T-c measurements during treatment, tau values of water and TTZ were estimated in muscles as 60.0 s and 416.0 s, respectively. Corresponding diffusion coefficients (D) were derived from sample thickness data measured during treatments where the unique fluxes of TTZ and water occur. The respective D values were then calculated as 1.9 x 10(-6) cm(2)/s for water and 3.6 x 10(-7) cm(2)/s for TTZ. These findings provide key insights into TTZ diffusion in skeletal muscle and support its potential as an effective OC agent.