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Abstract
Pharmaceuticals have emerged as contaminants in aquatic ecosystems, challenging the water quality concept. These compounds enter wastewater treatment plants, where inefficient treatments pose concerns for long-term river and tap water quality, consequently impacting environmental and human health. Considering this, the present study first reports the simultaneous quantification of paracetamol, salicylic acid, and carbamazepine by electrochemistry with carbon screen-printed electrodes, as well as liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). At pH 7.4 and by optimized DPV, LODs were 0.783, 1.53, and 0.113 mu M for paracetamol, salicylic acid, and carbamazepine, respectively. The recovery values obtained by LC-MS/MS in tap water are not satisfactory regarding the data obtained in river water with DPV electrochemical experiments. Moreover, in both analytical methods, the highest sensitivity was obtained for carbamazepine, with the lowest RSD values. These analytical data highlight the remarkable sensitivity and detection skills of DPV and LC-MS/MS analysis. Developing portable potentiostats for in situ pharmaceutical detection and monitoring outside the labs is crucial for ensuring environmental and health safety. Herein two portable approaches are tested: commercial SensitSmart (R) and homemade electrochemical Internet-of-Things (IoT)-enabled devices. The results of SensitSmart (R) are reliable but lower than those obtained with a benchtop potentiostat and require a USB connection with PCs, tablets, or smartphones. The practical application of a homemade IoT device was validated with potassium ferricyanide with an output similar to benchtop potentiostat, which represents a proof of concept. In the future, these IoT devices will operate without external components or specific software.

Abstract
The increasing adoption of microgrids, driven by the integration of renewable energy and decentralized power systems, has highlighted the critical need to address harmonic distortion for reliable and efficient operation. In this study, a detailed simulation framework is developed to investigate the behavior of harmonic emissions under various operating conditions. Additionally, this study highlights framed with ECO-GT (Engineers Communicating and Collaborating Internationally for the Green Transition) project, the importance of effective international communication and collaboration among engineers in the green transition, ensuring that technical solutions for power quality are clearly conveyed to diverse stakeholders. The analysis focuses on identifying dominant harmonic sources, evaluating their impact on power quality, and exploring mitigation strategies. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the simulation model in accurately predicting harmonic behavior and provide valuable insights into designing harmonically robust microgrids. This study underscores the importance of advanced modeling tools in addressing the challenges of harmonic distortion in modern power systems. © 2025 IEEE.

Abstract
For the upcoming 6G wireless networks, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces are an essential technology, enabling dynamic beamforming and signal manipulation in both reflective and transmissive modes. It is expected to utilize frequency bands in the millimeter-wave and THz, which presents unique opportunities but also significant challenges. The selection of switching technologies that can support high-frequency operation with minimal loss and high efficiency is particularly complex. In this work, we demonstrate the potential of advanced components such as Schottky diodes, memristor switches, liquid metal-based switches, phase change materials, and RF-SOI technology in RIS designs as an alternative to overcome limitations inherent in traditional technologies in D-band (110-170 GHz).

Abstract
PurposeThis study aims to assess how envy, both directly and indirectly, through negative behaviors such as ostracism, negative word-of-mouth and alignment with the negative behaviors of superiors, influences innovative behavior based on the cultural dimension of individualism versus collectivism.Design/methodology/approachThe data was collected using a survey applied to 305 individuals between October 2022 and June 2023. The model developed was analyzed and validated using partial least squares estimation with structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and PLS-SEM multigroup analysis techniques.FindingsThe results suggest that for individualistic individuals, negative word-of-mouth exerts a greater positive mediating influence on the relationship between envy and ostracism, and that envy exerts a greater positive influence on both alignment with the negative behaviors of superiors and on ostracism. In addition, the results indicate that negative word-of-mouth and ostracism together negatively influence the relationship between envy and innovative behavior.Practical implicationsThis research provides empirical evidence that envy triggers negative behavior in both individualistic and collectivist individuals. Thus, in practical terms, envy can be considered as something more primitive that goes beyond the accepted values of sociability, especially in the organizational environment.Originality/valueThe main contribution of this research is to understand the effects of envy on innovative behavior, based on a conceptual model that considers the mental programs that differentiate one group of individuals from another. In addition, it presents theoretical and empirical implications that provide descriptive evidence of behaviors, making it possible to broaden the psychological understanding of them. In this specific sense, this research differs from other organizational studies, whose objectives are to standardize behavior.

Abstract
This article explores the optimization of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) in energy markets, emphasizing their role in decarbonization by storing excess renewable energy and mitigating grid constraints. BESS enables energy transition by facilitating energy arbitrage, frequency regulation, and grid stabilization, essential for integrating variable renewable sources. Focusing on the UK energy market, the study highlights the favorable policies and investments driving BESS deployment. It examines revenue streams, including Day-Ahead and Intraday markets, ancillary services, and balancing mechanisms, particularly dynamic services like frequency regulation. Challenges such as gas market volatility and regulatory hurdles are also discussed. The proposed market optimization model simulates BESS operations, revealing consistent revenue potential influenced by market conditions and regulatory frameworks. The study underscores BESSs critical role in stabilizing grids, supporting renewables, and enhancing energy security while calling for further research on equipment degradation and broader impacts on energy systems and pricing.