Abstract
This paper presents a multi-level optimization framework for power system operators' joint electricity markets capacity-withholding assessment. The main contribution of this research is that three capacity-withholding indices are introduced for day-ahead, intra-day, and real-time scheduling of the system that detect the capacity withholding and arbitrage opportunities of Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) and non-utility fossil-fueled GENeration COmpanies (GENCOs) in an ex-ante procedure. A three-level optimization process is used so that the system operator can estimate the coordinated bidding of VPPs/GENCOs in different energy and ancillary services markets to prevent the formation of withholding groups. The first level problem consists of two stages. The first stage estimates the optimal capacity withholding and arbitrage bidding strategy of VPPs/GENCOs, and the second stage determines the optimal system scheduling for the day-ahead horizon. A full competition algorithm is also carried out to evaluate the competition states of VPPs/GENCOs. The second and third level problems consist of two optimization stages for the intra-day and real-time optimization horizons. At the first stage of each level, the process estimates the coordinated bidding of VPPs/GENCOs, and at the second stage of each level, the system resources are optimally dispatched. The proposed method is applied to 30-bus and 118-bus IEEE test systems. The proposed algorithm reduced the maximum locational marginal prices of 30-bus and 118-bus test systems by about 57.04% and 44.73% compared to the normal and the worst-case contingency operating conditions, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed method reduced the average values of day-ahead, intra-day and real-time dynamic capacity withholding indices of the 118-bus test system by about 32.92%, 40.1%, and 46.85%, respectively.

Abstract
In order to enhance the restoration capability of the distribution system during emergency conditions, a resiliency-driven critical load restoration strategy is propounded in this paper. Electric vehicles (EVs) are considered for the grid-support services to deal with challenges on such occasions, in order to maintain the power supply continuity of critical loads by reducing the number of outage periods. The collaboration between fleet operator and distribution system operator is considered in the proposed scheme, making it possible to direct available EVs to the damaged areas. The random characteristic of the seismic event is captured by generating numerous hazard scenarios using a probabilistic approach with the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) technique. Afterwards, the unavailability of overhead distribution branches is determined within the fragility curve concept. Besides, the uncertainties caused by EV mobility are considered by performing learning-based analyses for forecasting the location and amount of EVs in the related zone. The obtained data is processed as input parameters in a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) framework-based stochastic model. Besides, the conceptually developed interfaces for all stakeholders in the proposed scheme are described in detail for bridging the gap between the theoretical background of the concept and practical real-world implementation.

Abstract
This paper aims to analyze some different solutions that were adopted in control education activities during the pandemic. The authors of this paper are educators in the control education field from different countries on all the continents, who have developed a questionnaire with the idea of collecting data about the COVID-19 pandemic impact on the control education activities. The main objective is to study the diverse alternatives that were used worldwide to perform the online educational activities during that period, such as methodologies, tools, learning management systems (LMS), theoretical exercises, laboratory experiments, types of exams, simulators, software for online lecturing, etc. As a result, comparisons between preand during-pandemic educational resources and methods are performed, where useful ideas and discussions are given for the control education community. Copyright (C) 2022 The Authors.

Abstract
The achievement of the 2030 Agenda implies a shared responsibility in the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Local government, in particular municipalities, is closer to citizens and, therefore, better placed to respond to the needs of each region. This study intends to explore initiatives promoted by civil society, businesses, and local organizations in the context of each municipality in Portugal to address the sustainable development goals established in the 2030 Agenda. It adopts mixed methods to quantify the impact of these initiatives in the territories and qualitatively explores the inherent characteristics associated with each project. The findings show that there are significant asymmetries in the number of projects in the Portuguese regions and that there is a moderately positive correlation between the number of projects and the municipality's population density and GDP. It was also found that the projects focus mainly on areas such as SDG1, SDG1, SDG11, and SDG13. The projects are mainly characterized by offering platforms for collaborative work among the various stakeholders, seeking to meet the challenges of combating social exclusion, and supporting environmental education. Above all, this study offers implications for local agents to work in networks and establish synergies between projects that may lead to greater territorial coverage and contribute to reducing the socioeconomic asymmetries that exist in the country.

Abstract
The evolution of virtual reality (VR) technologies has been notorious, both for leisure activities and for activities related to education. The efficiency of this technology in education leads us to point out several benefits and strengths, for students with specific educational needs (SEN), especially for those with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In this sense, the growing number of students with ASD requires us to innovate so that we can rehabilitate this group of students, giving them a better quality of life. We can improve their skills: social, behavioural, emotional, cognitive; and even their daily tasks. VR offers a panoply of tools, such as interactive three-dimensional simulations of scenarios that can be used with students with ASD. In this literature review several studies were identified, where they differ in the type of applications developed and the technology used by the students. Although optimism prevails, we need more studies on the use of this technology in educational settings. Thus, this article presents a systematic review of the state of the art on VR perspectives and case studies applied to students with ASD. Case studies are presented where VR technology has been successfully applied and with results that demonstrate the effectiveness of the technology in students with ASD. We are aware that much has to be done still to make the potential of VR an effective reality in the educational context and to allow a better quality of life for students with autism spectrum disorders. Also, we believe that in the next years teachers will be ever more capable of creating specific VR experiences. However, it is essential to have a solid theoretical basis to support the correct use of VR regarding students with ASD. This is our goal with this contribution. © 2022 ACM.

Abstract
Context. The low wind effect (LWE) occurs at the aperture of 8-meter class telescopes when the spiders holding the secondary mirror get significantly cooler than the air. The effect creates phase discontinuities in the incoming wavefront at the location of the spiders. Under the LWE, the wavefront residuals after correction of the adaptive optics (AO) are dominated by low-order aberrations, pistons, and tip-tilts, contained in the pupil quadrants separated by the spiders. Those aberrations, called petal modes, degrade the AO performances during the best atmospheric turbulence conditions. Ultimately, the LWE is an obstacle for high-contrast exoplanet observations at a small angular separation from the host star. Aims. We aim to understand why extreme AO with a Shack-Hartmann (SH) wavefront sensor fails to correct for the petal tip and tilt modes, while these modes imprint a measurable signal in the SH slopes. We explore if the petal tip and tilt content of the LWE can be controlled and mitigated without an additional wavefront sensor. Methods. We simulated the sensitivity of a single subaperture of a SH wavefront sensor in the presence of a phase discontinuity across this subaperture. We explored the effect of the most important parameters: the amplitude of the discontinuity, the spider thickness, and the field of view. We then performed end-to-end simulations to reproduce and explain the behavior of extreme AO systems based on a SH in the presence of the LWE. We then evaluated the efficiency of a new mitigation strategy by running simulations, including atmosphere and realistic LWE phase perturbations. Results. For realistic parameters (i.e. a spider thickness at 25% of a SH subaperture, and a field of view of 3.5 lambda/d), we find that the sensitivity of the SH to a phase discontinuity is dramatically reduced, or even reversed. Under the LWE, a nonzero curl path is created in the measured slopes, which transforms into vortex-structures in the residuals when the loop is closed. While these vortexes are easily seen in the residual wavefront and slopes, they cannot be controlled by the system. We used this understanding to propose a strategy for controlling the petal tip and tilt modes of the LWE by using the measurements from the SH, but excluding the faulty subapertures. Conclusions. The proposed mitigation strategy may be of use in all extreme AO systems based on SH for which the LWE is an issue, such as SPHERE and GRAVITY+.