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Publicações

2023

A review of greenwashing and supply chain management: Challenges ahead

Autores
Ines, A; Diniz, A; Moreira, AC;

Publicação
CLEANER ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS

Abstract
As being environmentally responsible is a potential source of competitive advantage, incorporating genuine environmental practices across the supply chain may help firms capitalize on the growing demand for corporate accountability and consumer awareness. Therefore, it is important to understand to what extent firms are using greenwashing to mislead their stakeholders in the supply chain. The purpose of this paper is to review the existing literature regarding greenwashing in supply chain management (SCM) to shed light on the main thematic groups addressed in the literature, understand its challenges and develop a framework that highlights the key drivers that companies need to tackle to prevent greenwashing in supply chains. For this purpose, we have conducted a systematic literature review, following a three-stage method. It was possible to identify possible solutions to prevent greenwashing across four main dimensions of SCM: consumers/customers; relationships between focal firms and suppliers; certification programs and reporting assessment; and corporate leadership. We provide a framework to help firms develop their sustainable strategy and prevent greenwashing along the supply chain. This paper synthesizes the challenges that firms face when implementing a sustainable supply chain, suggests solutions to prevent greenwashing and provides future research avenues.

2023

Analysis and Re-Synthesis of Natural Cricket Sounds Assessing the Perceptual Relevance of Idiosyncratic Parameters

Autores
Oliveira, M; Almeida, V; Silva, J; Ferreira, A;

Publicação
ICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings

Abstract
Cricket sounds are usually regarded as pleasant and, thus, can be used as suitable test signals in psychoacoustic experiments assessing the human listening acuity to specific temporal and spectral features. In addition, the simple structure of cricket sounds makes them prone to reverse engineering such that they can be analyzed and re-synthesized with desired alterations in their defining parameters. This paper describes cricket sounds from a parametric point of view, characterizes their main temporal and spectral features, namely jitter, shimmer and frequency sweeps, and explains a re-synthesis process generating modified natural cricket sounds. These are subsequently used in listening tests helping to shed light on the sound identification and discrimination capabilities of humans that are important, for example, in voice recognition. © 2023 IEEE.

2023

The role of different light settings on the perception of realism in virtual replicas in immersive Virtual Reality

Autores
Gonçalves, G; Melo, M; Monteiro, P; Coelho, H; Bessa, M;

Publicação
COMPUTERS & GRAPHICS-UK

Abstract
Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) provides a platform where the real world can be replicated to a point where users can act and react in the virtual world as they would in reality. However, rendering visual stimuli is computationally heavy. Thus, optimizations must be done to take advantage of computational systems by studying our perception of reality. This study investigated parameters related to light rendering (Global Illumination, Ambient Occlusion, Screen Space Reflections (SSR) and Direct Shadows) in real-time in a virtual replica of a real place using IVR. Participants experienced both virtual and real rooms with only one flashlight and changed the quality settings of the considered parameters so that their sense of reality would be the closest to the one they felt when they experienced the real room. Participants were given a budget to drive them to prioritize what parameters, and their level of quality, are the most important for their sense of reality. Results indicated that participants considered Global Illumination the most important factor, closely followed by Direct Shadows. Ambient Occlusion and Reflections (Screen Space Reflections) were the less prioritized parameters. We conclude that in a lighting setting where only dynamic lights are used, Global Illumination and Direct Shadows should be prioritized over SSR Reflections and Ambient Occlusion when computational power is limited.

2023

Quality Control of Casting Aluminum Parts: A Comparison of Deep Learning Models for Filings Detection

Autores
Nascimento, R; Ferreira, T; Rocha, C; Filipe, V; Silva, MF; Veiga, G; Rocha, L;

Publicação
2023 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AUTONOMOUS ROBOT SYSTEMS AND COMPETITIONS, ICARSC

Abstract
Quality control inspection systems are crucial and a key factor in maintaining and ensuring the integrity of any product. The quality inspection task is a repetitive task, when performed by operators only, it can be slow and susceptible to failures due to the lack of attention and fatigue. This work focuses on the inspection of parts made of high-pressure diecast aluminum for components of the automotive industry. In the present case study, last year, 18240 parts needed to be reinspected, requiring approximately 96 hours, a time that could be spent on other tasks. This article performs a comparison of four deep learning models: Faster R-CNN, RetinaNet, YOLOv7, and YOLOv7-tiny, to find out which one is more suited to perform the quality inspection task of detecting metal filings on casting aluminum parts. As for this use-case the prototype must be highly intolerant to False Negatives, that is, the part being defective and passing undetected, Faster R-CNN was considered the bestperforming model based on a Recall value of 96.00%.

2023

On the Quality of Synthetic Generated Tabular Data

Autores
Espinosa, E; Figueira, A;

Publicação
MATHEMATICS

Abstract
Class imbalance is a common issue while developing classification models. In order to tackle this problem, synthetic data have recently been developed to enhance the minority class. These artificially generated samples aim to bolster the representation of the minority class. However, evaluating the suitability of such generated data is crucial to ensure their alignment with the original data distribution. Utility measures come into play here to quantify how similar the distribution of the generated data is to the original one. For tabular data, there are various evaluation methods that assess different characteristics of the generated data. In this study, we collected utility measures and categorized them based on the type of analysis they performed. We then applied these measures to synthetic data generated from two well-known datasets, Adults Income, and Liar+. We also used five well-known generative models, Borderline SMOTE, DataSynthesizer, CTGAN, CopulaGAN, and REaLTabFormer, to generate the synthetic data and evaluated its quality using the utility measures. The measurements have proven to be informative, indicating that if one synthetic dataset is superior to another in terms of utility measures, it will be more effective as an augmentation for the minority class when performing classification tasks.

2023

Taming Metadata-intensive HPC Jobs Through Dynamic, Application-agnostic QoS Control

Autores
Macedo, R; Miranda, M; Tanimura, Y; Haga, J; Ruhela, A; Harrell, SL; Evans, RT; Pereira, J; Paulo, J;

Publicação
2023 IEEE/ACM 23RD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER, CLOUD AND INTERNET COMPUTING, CCGRID

Abstract
Modern I/O applications that run on HPC infrastructures are increasingly becoming read and metadata intensive. However, having multiple applications submitting large amounts of metadata operations can easily saturate the shared parallel file system's metadata resources, leading to overall performance degradation and I/O unfairness. We present PADLL, an application and file system agnostic storage middleware that enables QoS control of data and metadata workflows in HPC storage systems. It adopts ideas from Software-Defined Storage, building data plane stages that mediate and rate limit POSIX requests submitted to the shared file system, and a control plane that holistically coordinates how all I/O workflows are handled. We demonstrate its performance and feasibility under multiple QoS policies using synthetic benchmarks, real-world applications, and traces collected from a production file system. Results show that PADLL can enforce complex storage QoS policies over concurrent metadata-aggressive jobs, ensuring fairness and prioritization.

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