Abstract
Nutrient quantification in hydroponic systems is essential. Reagent-less spectral quantification of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium faces challenges in accessing information-rich spectral signals and unscrambling interference from each constituent. Herein, we introduce information equivalence between spectra and sample composition, enabling extraction of consistent covariance to isolate nutrient-specific spectral information (N, P or K) in Hoagland nutrient solutions using orthogonal covariance modes. Chemometrics methods quantify nitrogen and potassium, but not phosphate. Orthogonal covariance modes, however, enable quantification of all three nutrients: nitrogen (N) with R = 0.9926 and standard error of 17.22 ppm, phosphate (P) with R = 0.9196 and standard error of 63.62 ppm, and potassium (K) with R = 0.9975 and standard error of 9.51 ppm. Including pH information significantly improves phosphate quantification (R = 0.9638, standard error: 43.16 ppm). Results demonstrate a direct relationship between spectra and Hoagland nutrient solution information, preserving NPK orthogonality and supporting orthogonal covariance modes. These modes enhance detection sensitivity by maximizing information of the constituent being quantified, while minimizing interferences from others. Orthogonal covariance modes predicted nitrogen (R = 0.9474, standard error: 29.95 ppm) accurately. Phosphate and potassium showed strong interference from contaminants, but most extrapolation samples were correctly diagnosed above the reference interval (83.26%). Despite potassium features outside the knowledge base, a significant correlation was obtained (R = 0.6751). Orthogonal covariance modes use unique N, P or K information for quantification, not spurious correlations due to fertilizer composition. This approach minimizes interferences during extrapolation to complex samples, a crucial step towards resilient nutrient management in hydroponics using spectroscopy.

Abstract
The grape moth is a common pest that affects grapevines by consuming both fruit and foliage, rendering grapes deformed and unsellable. Integrated pest management for the grape moth heavily relies on pheromone traps, which serve a crucial function by identifying and tracking adult moth populations. This information is then used to determine the most appropriate time and method for implementing other control techniques. This study aims to find the best method for detecting small insects. We evaluate the following recent YOLO models: v5, v6, v7, and v8 for detecting and counting grape moths in insect traps. The best performance was achieved by YOLOv8, with an average precision of 92.4% and a counting error of 8.1%.

Abstract

Abstract
Given the relevance of the textile industry, over the years, for the portuguese economy, we intend to evaluate the economic performance of companies belonging to CAE 14131 through the indicators ROA, ROE, ROS and EVA/employees. Through the DEA technique, the BoD model is used to aggregate the various indicators in order to determine the composite indicator of 5.397 companies observed over the years 2011 to 2020, in order to deepen the knowledge about the Portuguese business economic textile sector. Through data analysis there is a progressive improvement of the indicators studied over the years which can be explained by the technological evolution occurred in this industry, although the sector under study uses mostly intensive labour. In each year, the efficient frontier is defined mostly by micro and small enterprises, which are predominantly located in the North of Portugal. © 2023 ITMA.

Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common female cancer worldwide and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Nonetheless, it is also among the most successfully preventable and treatable types of cancer, provided it is early identified and properly managed. As such, the detection of pre-cancerous lesions is crucial. These lesions are detected in the squamous epithelium of the uterine cervix and are graded as low- or high-grade intraepithelial squamous lesions, known as LSIL and HSIL, respectively. Due to their complex nature, this classification can become very subjective. Therefore, the development of machine learning models, particularly directly on whole-slide images (WSI), can assist pathologists in this task. In this work, we propose a weakly-supervised methodology for grading cervical dysplasia, using different levels of training supervision, in an effort to gather a bigger dataset without the need of having all samples fully annotated. The framework comprises an epithelium segmentation step followed by a dysplasia classifier (non-neoplastic, LSIL, HSIL), making the slide assessment completely automatic, without the need for manual identification of epithelial areas. The proposed classification approach achieved a balanced accuracy of 71.07% and sensitivity of 72.18%, at the slide-level testing on 600 independent samples, which are publicly available upon reasonable request.

Abstract
As the need for replacing fossil and other non-renewable energy sources with renewables becomes more critical and urgent, wind energy appears to be among the two or three best choices for the short and medium time frames. The dominance of wind energy as the first choice in many regions, leads to an increasing impact of wind power quality on the overall grid. Wind energy’s inherent intermittent nature, both in intensity and longevity, could be an impediment to its adoption unless utility operators have the tools to anticipate the impact and integrate wind resources seamlessly by increasing or reducing its contribution to the overall capacity of the grid. The wind forecasting science is well established and has been the subject of serious study in multiple fields such as fluid dynamics, statistical analysis and numerical simulation and modeling. With the renewed interest and dependence on wind as a major energy source, these efforts have increased exponentially. One of the areas that shows great promise in developing improved forecasting tools, is the category of “Biological Inspired Optimization Techniques. The study presented in this paper is the result of a study to survey and assess an array of forecasting models and algorithms. © MIR Labs, www.mirlabs.net/ijcisim/index.html