Abstract
Software QoS properties, such as response time, availability, bandwidth requirement, memory usage, among many others, play a major role in the processes of selecting and composing software components. This paper extends a component calculus to deal, in an effective way, with them. The calculus models components as generalised Mealy machines, i. e., state-based entities interacting along their life time through well defined interfaces of observers and actions. QoS is introduced through an algebraic structure specifying the relevant QoS domain and how its values are composed under different disciplines. A major effect of introducing QoS-awareness is that a number of equivalences holding in the plain calculus become refinement laws. The paper also introduces a prototyper for the calculus developed as a 'proof-of-concept' implementation. © 2012 Springer Basel.

Abstract
In some business areas there is the need to use representations of places or buildings in order to provide visual informations. These representations are, mainly, reconstructions of scaled real models or virtual representations produced in a Computer-Aided Design (CAD) tool. Recently, procedural modeling has been applied to generate buildings and cities in a short time and with a minimum user intervention. This methodology reveals to be a promising solution for a cost-effective alternative in models construction. One of the areas that can benefit from this kind of approach is archeology, for example to test archeological hypothesis. However, the existing solutions are not flexible enough to provide high detailed models containing building interiors and exteriors. This paper aims to present the global architecture and specification of an information system that supports the procedural modeling process, producing enhanced virtual representations of ancient places, including building facades and interiors, using the information available. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer review under responsibility of CENTERIS/SCIKA - Association for Promotion and Dissemination of Scientific Knowledge

Abstract
Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are considered a powerful tool for economic development and the growth of societies. However, instead of helping overcome society's inqualities caused by the digital era, they have instigated an increase of the people that rested aside of the information age. The digital divide refers to the difficulty info-excluded people have in keeping up with technological advances. This phenomenon was triggered by the rapid growth and dissemination of technological equipment, as a portion of society did not have the proper time or knowledge to adjust. This paper sets forth a new approach to help fight the Portuguese digital divide by presenting new ways of interaction. Resorting to multi-touch technology, we examine how this new natural interaction paradigm can have a positive influence in the struggle against info-exclusion. For this purpose, we present a multi-touch game envisioned to encourage and teach digitally excluded people on how to use an important and needed everyday equipment - the ATM (Automated Teller Machine) - as it is still avoided by some. We believe that our pilot case study can show preliminary results on how natural user interfaces may be beneficial to help overcome some difficulties enforced by the digital divide. We consider that our findings may be valuable to show a possible path of how the new natural user interfaces can help bring technology and people closer. After being asked about their user experience, the participants of this exploratory study agreed that the game encouraged them to explore more about new technologies. (C) 2012 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Programme Committee of the 4th International Conference on Software Development for Enhancing Accessibility and Fighting Info-exclusion (DSAI 2012)

Abstract
When taking a broader view, ‘leanness’ can be conceptualized in terms of a quest for structural flexibility involving restructuring, downsizing and outsourcing. Looking for efficiency, quality and profitability gains, healthcare organizations adopt outsourcing solutions in the attempt of “doing more with less” seeking for benefits such as cost reduction, risk mitigation, adapting to quick changes without compromising internal resources (value mapping and value chain reconstruction) but also taking big risks as loss of control and flexibility. In order to understand how healthcare organizations find the best value equation combining internal and external resources, a case study on a start-up Long-term Care unit with innovative format, great levels of customization and following an outsourcing strategy, was carried out. The main conclusion, among others, is that in ambitious start-ups, when the speed of entrance is a conditioning factor, trade-offs between cost and quality gains (leanness) and between cost and time gains (agility) can be combined through outsourcing strategies in a so called “leagile” paradigm. This study contributes for a wider understanding of the “leagile” concept associated to an outsourcing strategy as a way of coping with market and services volatility, uncertainty and complexity, hyper competition and market share/sped of entrance goals. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012.

Abstract
Learning computer programming requires solving programming exercises. In computer programming courses teachers need to assess and give feedback to a large number of exercises. These tasks are time consuming and error-prone since there are many aspects relating to good programming that should be considered. In this context automatic assessment tools can play an important role helping teachers in grading tasks as well to assist students with automatic feedback. In spite of its usefulness, these tools lack integration mechanisms with other eLearning systems such as Learning Management Systems, Learning Objects Repositories or Integrated Development Environments. In this paper we provide a survey on programming evaluation systems. The survey gathers information on interoperability features of these systems, categorizing and comparing them regarding content and communication standardization. This work may prove useful to instructors and computer science educators when they have to choose an assessment system to be integrated in their e-Learning environment.

Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the GimmeDaBlues app for iOS devices, by Sonicability Inc., which allows the user to play a jazz/blues quartet, playing trumpet and/or keyboard, while being automatically accompanied by a virtual bassist and drummer. The application can also be used as an educational tool as an automatic play-along generator, allowing the user to concentrate on style and timing issues, while the app automatically takes care of selecting the right notes and chords, or used as a handy mobile sketchbook, using the recording and exporting features. A brief survey on related musical apps currently available on the Apple App store will be presented, as well as ongoing developments to include in future versions. CR Categories: H.5.5 [Sound and Music Computing]: Modeling.