Abstract
For centuries, music has been shared and remembered by two traditions: aural transmission and in the form of written documents normally called musical scores. Many of these scores exist in the form of unpublished manuscripts and hence they are in danger of being lost through the normal ravages of time. To preserve the music some form of typesetting or, ideally, a computer system that can automatically decode the symbolic images and create new scores is required. Programs analogous to optical character recognition systems called optical music recognition (OMR) systems have been under intensive development for many years. However, the results to date are far from ideal. Each of the proposed methods emphasizes different properties and therefore makes it difficult to effectively evaluate its competitive advantages. This article provides an overview of the literature concerning the automatic analysis of images of printed and handwritten musical scores. For self-containment and for the benefit of the reader, an introduction to OMR processing systems precedes the literature overview. The following study presents a reference scheme for any researcher wanting to compare new OMR algorithms against well-known ones. © 2012, Springer-Verlag London Limited.

Abstract
In clothing and footwear business sector, consumer needs and expectations of specific target groups - such as elderly, obese, disabled, or diabetic persons - are arising as challenging opportunities for European companies that are asked to supply small series of innovative and fashionable goods of high quality, affordable price and eco-compatible. This paper aims at propose a three level (strategic, tactical, and operational) reference model to support the Textile, Clothing and Footwear (TCF) collaborative supply networks in addressing the need for Fashionable and Healthy Clothing & Footwear products.

Abstract
This paper describes a tool-supported method for the formal verification of Ada programs. It presents ATOS, a tool that automatically extracts from an Ada program a SPIN model, together with a set of desirable properties. ATOS is also capable of extracting properties from a specification annotated by the user in the program, inspired by the SPARK Annotation language. The goal of ATOS is to help in the verification of sequential and concurrent Ada programs, based on model checking. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

Abstract
The paper proposes a Flexibility Requirements Model and a Factory Templates Framework to support the dynamic Virtual Organization decision-makers in order to reach effective response to the emergent business opportunities ensuring profitability. Through the construction and analysis of the flexibility requirements model, the network managers can achieve and conceive better strategies to model and breed new dynamic VOs. This paper also presents the leagility concept as a new paradigm fit to equip the network management with a hybrid approach that better tackle the performance challenges imposed by the new and competitive business environments.

Abstract
This paper presents an integrated model to deal with complex bids and network security constraints in electricity markets. Apart from purely economic aspects, power systems operation is also driven by technical issues that quite often turn unfeasible purely economic schedules. This is the case of up and down ramps and minimum technical limits of generators, nodal voltage ranges and branch flow limits. The activities of the Market and System Operators are quite often organized in terms of a sequential set of actions that may not guarantee identifying the best global solution. This suggests addressing the problem in a more integrated way and adopting a well known optimization technique, as Simulated Annealing. This paper describes the mathematical formulation of the problem, the adopted solution algorithm and details a case study based on the IEEE 24 bus/38 branch system.

Abstract
Traditional manufacturing solutions, based on centralized structures, are ineffective in unpredictable and volatile scenarios. Recent manufacturing paradigms, such as Ho Ionic Manufacturing Systems, handle better these unpredictable situations but aren't able to achieve the performance optimization levels displayed by the classical centralized solutions when the system runs without perturbations. This paper introduces a holonic manufacturing architecture that considers biological insights, namely emergence and self-organization, to achieve adaptation and responsiveness without degrading the performance optimization. For this purpose, self-organization and self-learning mechanisms embedded at micro and macro levels play an important role, as well the design of stabilizers to control the system nervousness in such dynamic and adaptive behaviour.