Abstract
A mechanism for generating verification conditions (VCs) for the iteration-free fragment of an imperative language is fundamental in any deductive program verification system. In this paper we revisit symbolic execution, weakest preconditions, and bounded model checking as VC-generation mechanisms, and propose a uniform presentation of the corresponding sets of VCs, in terms of (logical encodings of) paths in the control-flow graph of a single-assignment form of the program under analysis. This allows us to compare the mechanisms, in particular with respect to the size of the generated formulas. © 2012 ACM.

Abstract
High penetration of renewable energies presents a new challenge for conventional power system. Such penetration of renewables resulted in renewed interest in load modeling which may include small renewable generation as a portion of loads. A new CIGRE working group was established to provide guidance with respect to load modeling of new types of load including renewables using measurement data and historical data. This paper summarizes major results of the work of this WG after two years' activities. Although the deliverables are not fully completed, beneficial recommendations of the load modelling such as selection of load model structure, picking up suitable data, proper approach for deriving load model parameters, requirement of measurement data, etc. are introduced in this paper identifying clearly advantage and disadvantage of various load modelling approaches.

Abstract
On this article there is presented, in a general way, the specification of a project management platform for space projects. The main goal for this specification was to include the European Cooperation for Space Standardization standards and normative documents within the platform available for all projects during the entire life cycles. The platform's system was divided into its major areas, each one of these areas have features and functionalities that allow the users to effectively manage their activities and assignments. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer review under responsibility of CENTERIS/SCIKA - Association for Promotion and Dissemination of Scientific Knowledge

Abstract
This SPIN-UP project has been funded with support from the European Commission and is a study involving research performed in 4 countries: Finland, the Netherlands, Poland, and Portugal. The SPIN-UP research question is: What sort of entrepreneurship training and coaching program will contribute to the development of key entrepreneurial skills, both technical and behavioural, essential to enable and leverage university spin-off (USO) growth? The aim of the SPIN-UP study was to picture key entrepreneurial skills and their contribution to the performance of university spin-off firms, as well as missing skills, in order to develop an effective training and coaching program. USO, entrepreneurial firms that bring university knowledge to market, do not traditionally grow very much and we sought to contribute to a countering of this trend. To avoid a large differentiation in firm age, firm age limits were set at 2 years (lower limit) and 10 years (higher limit). 10 years was however used flexibly, particularly in those sectors where development and bringing products to market goes relatively slowly, like in the medical life sciences and material (nano) science (15 years used as the maximum in these cases). The research to date has involved a total of 64 interviews and questionnaires in the four countries mentioned above. The preliminary comparative analysis revealed that the four countries studied show somewhat different skill sets, meaning that we may still be in a World where differences still matter (Ghemawat, 2007). For example, spinoffs in Finland tend to be strong in skills dealing with intellectual property, which is the opposite of Poland, the Netherlands and Portugal. Portugal on the other hand appears to be quite strong in operations management skills as compared to the rest of the sample. The skill set of the Netherlands emphasized strength in skills related to the building of social and business networks, a theme which is very in vogue in the current business and management literature. However, spinoffs in the four countries did show some similarities, tending all to be strong in innovation skills. As concerns future training for USO our research indicates that this should focus on: gaining financial capital, internationalization and sales (top 3 missing skills hampering growth). More practical "hands-on" type entrepreneurship training, such as that using role-playing enriched by the sharing of entrepreneurial participant experiences, may be seen as being appropriate for USO. Work by Ghemawat (2001) (CAGE Model for internationalization) and Cialdini (2007) (principles of persuasion to be used in sales) may serve as a theoretical basis for such training.

Abstract
The intrinsic advantages of optical sensor technology are very appealing for high voltage applications and can become a valuable asset in a new generation of smart grids. In this paper the authors present a review of optical sensors technologies for electrical current metering in high voltage applications. A brief historical overview is given together with a more detailed focus on recent developments. Technologies addressed include all fiber sensors, bulk magneto-optical sensors, piezoelectric transducers, magnetic force sensors and hybrid sensors. The physical principles and main advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Configurations and strategies to overcome common problems, such as interference from external currents and magnetic fields induced linear birefringence and others are discussed. The state-of-the-art is presented including commercial available systems.

Abstract
The accumulation of lead in several bones of Wistar rats with time was determined and compared for the different types of bones. Two groups were studied: a control group (n = 20), not exposed to lead and a contaminated group (n = 30), exposed to lead from birth, first indirectly through mother's milk, and then directly through a diet containing lead acetate in drinking water (0.2%). Rats age ranged from 1 to 11 months, with approximately 1 month intervals and each of the collections had 3 contaminated rats and 2 control rats. Iliac, femur, tibia-fibula and skull have been analysed by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Technique (EDXRF). Samples of formaldehyde used to preserve the bone tissues were also analysed by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption (ETAAS), showing that there was no significant loss of lead from the tissue to the preservative. The bones mean lead concentration of exposed rats range from 100 to 300 mu g g(-1) while control rats never exceeded 10 mu g g(-1). Mean bone lead concentrations were compared and the concentrations were higher in iliac, femur and tibia-fibula and after that skull. However, of all the concentrations in the different collections, only those in the skull were statistically significantly different (p < 0.05) from the other types of bones. Analysis of a radar chart also allowed us to say that these differences tend to diminish with age. The Spearman correlation test applied to mean lead concentrations showed strong and very strong positive correlations between all different types of bones. This test also showed that mean lead concentrations in bones are negatively correlated with the age of the animals. This correlation is strong in iliac and femur and very strong in tibia-fibula and skull. It was also shown that the decrease of lead accumulation with age is made by three plateaus of accumulation, which coincide, in all analysed bones, between 2nd-3rd and 9th-10th months.