Abstract
This paper proposes a method to determine the availability of loads to provide tertiary Reserve Services (RS) in the framework of Smart Grids. The method uses Physically-Based Load Models (PBLM) and considers the remuneration paid for the RS provision. The concept of availability is also discussed in the paper and the method is applied to three different categories of domestic thermal appliances: electric water heater, air conditioners and refrigerators.

Abstract

Abstract
This article the gas network is modelled as a repetitive process with smoothing and an explicit representation for its solution is presented. By an adequate choice of the inhomogeneity, the system is steered through boundary data control. We state explicit conditions for boundary control of the gas networks as well as observability criteria. Using these notions, some 2D criteria of stability are also applied to gas networks. To finalise, we use a 2D transfer function representation to withdraw a stability criterium suitable to being used in the practice with the use of a computer. © VDE VERLAG GMBH 2013.

Abstract
Agent technology has been applied in e-commerce to help coping with problems that arise due to its rapid growth. However, despite the amount of research in this area, the level of automation achieved is still limited. This is mainly due to the natural diversity existent in e-commerce environments, where agents may possess different conceptualizations about their needs and capabilities, giving rise to interoperability issues. In this paper we approach this problem and present the AEMOS system as a possible solution. AEMOS is an agent-based e-commerce platform that includes ontology matching services facilitating the interoperability between agents that have different conceptualizations about the same domain of knowledge. The system also explores emergent social networks in order to improve its efficiency by enhancing its ontology matching services and supporting agents in their decisions. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2013.

Abstract
The rising usage of distributed energy resources has been creating several problems in power systems operation. Virtual Power Players arise as a solution for the management of such resources. Additionally, approaching the main network as a series of subsystems gives birth to the concepts of smart grid and micro grid. Simulation, particularly based on multi-agent technology is suitable to model all these new and evolving concepts. MASGriP (Multi-Agent Smart Grid simulation Platform) is a system that was developed to allow deep studies of the mentioned concepts. This paper focuses on a laboratorial test bed which represents a house managed by a MASGriP player. This player is able to control a real installation, responding to requests sent by the system operators and reacting to observed events depending on the context.

Abstract
This study was concerned with shoreline change and cliff recession. Galicia (north-west Spain) comprises a very energetic and diversified coast. The study focused on the analysis of the coastal dynamics and the spatio-temporal changes of coastal morphology for the years 1956, 2003, 2006 and 2008, using the digital shoreline analysis system (DSAS) extension. Estimation of the rates of erosion and accretion along the pilot site (Fisterra/Finisterre area) was performed. In addition, a continuous coastline along Galicia was integrated into a geographical information system project which comprises an interactive database with key information. A coastal susceptibility map (erosion/accretion) was created based on the DSAS results for the short-term approach and cross-checked with knowledge of the area in terms of geology, geomorphology and landslide occurrences. Aspects related to the engineering solutions, land-use planning or environmental management were considered in the recommended strategy, as well as the impact and disturbance severity analysis for each action used. This research was developed to provide useful information about the Galicia territory and to give reliable data for the coastal management plan supported by the council. Such plan addresses some changes to the coastal policy and encourages future issues.