Abstract
The success of neurosurgery strongly depends on the pre-neurosurgical evaluation phase, in which the delineation of the areas to be removed or to be stimulated must be very accurate. For patients undergoing Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) it is vital the delineation of the target area prior to surgery, and after the implantation of the DBS lead to confirm the electrodes positioning. In this paper we present a system to accurately determine the 3D position of DBS electrodes implanted within the brain of Parkinson and Dystonia patients. The system was tested using a multimodal dataset from 16 patients (8 with Parkinson's disease and 8 with dystonia) and, on average, the differences between the detected electrodes positions and the ones estimated manually by an experienced physician were less than a voxel in all cases. Copyright

Abstract
The Electric Vehicle (EV) is one source of flexibility to the electric power system. When aggregated by a market agent, it can offer its flexibility in the balancing reserve market. In order to meet this goal, a framework of optimization and forecasting algorithms must designed to cover the different time horizons of the decision process. This paper describes a full framework for EV aggregators participating in different electricity market sessions. This framework is illustrated for the balancing reserve market and the impact of forecasts of different quality for the balancing reserve direction is evaluated. The test case consists in synthetic time series generated from real data for 3000 EV participating in the Iberian electricity market.

Abstract
Combining conventional and unconventional generations with hard forecasting properties and consumption variability has made the task of fitting large amounts of wind generation into unit commitment procedures very challenging. In this context, massive integration of electric vehicles in the electric systems, is expected. This paper aims at evaluating the adequacy of a generating system taking into account the electric vehicles and high wind power integration level in its energy mix. This study was conducted on the European project MERGE framework, and the results have shown that the generating system evaluated is reliable. Nevertheless, the simulations carried out for scenarios with adverse weather conditions (dry years) have revealed specific circumstances that might jeopardize the system adequacy.

Abstract
This paper presents an innovative and flexible approach for recommending the number, size and composition of purchasing groups, for a set of hospitals willing to cooperate, while minimising their shared supply chain costs. This approach makes the financial impact of the various cooperation alternatives transparent to the group and the individual participants, opening way to a negotiation process concerning the allocation of the cooperation costs and gains. The approach was developed around a hybrid Variable Neighbourhood Search (VNS)/Tabu Search metaheuristic, resulting in a flexible tool that can be applied to purchasing groups with different characteristics, namely different operative and market circumstances, and to supply chains with different topologies and atypical cost characteristics. Preliminary computational results show the potential of the approach in solving a broad range of problems.

Abstract
This article proposes and illustrates a practical methodological framework to evaluate the fitness for use of spatial data sets for environmental and ecological applications, focusing on user requirements for specified application contexts. The methodology is based on the use of metadata to analyze similarity between the data characteristics and the user's needs or expectations for several quality indicators. Additionally, the concept of 'critical factors' is introduced in this framework, allowing users to define which quality indicators have greater importance given their own requirements or expectations and the specified application contexts. The proposed methodology further allows integrating and interconnecting the spatial data quality (SDQ) evaluation methodology with metadata geoportals in WebGIS platforms, facilitating its operation by users from non-spatial disciplines and with often limited expertise on this subject. Examples of the evaluation of fitness for use for specific application contexts within the project BIO_SOS ('Biodiversity Multi-SOurce Monitoring System: From Space To Species' FP7 project) are presented. By providing a prompt and straightforward evaluation tool, the proposed methodology can encourage the implementation of SDQ evaluation routines in ecological assessment and monitoring programs, promoting a more adequate use of geospatial data and ultimately contributing to well-supported policy and management decisions.

Abstract
Nowadays, with the large-scale penetration of distributed and renewable energy resources, ES (energy storage) stands out for its ability of adding flexibility, controlling intermittence and providing back-up generation to electrical networks. It represents the critical link between the energy supply and demand chains, being a key element for increasing the role and attractiveness of renewable generation into the power grid, providing also numerous technical and economic benefits to the power system stake-holders. On islanded systems and micro-grids, being updated about the state-of-the-art of ES systems and their benefits becomes even more relevant. Hence, in the present paper a comprehensive study and analysis of ES leading technologies' main assets, research issues, global market figures, economic benefits and technical applications is provided. Special emphasis is given to ES on islands, as a new contribution to earlier studies, addressing their particular requirements, the most appropriate technologies and existing operating projects throughout the world.