Abstract
This chapter provides an overview on European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) activities related to opportunistic spectrum sharing technology with a specific focus on (TV) white spaces. Key use cases are outlined and a novel approach for a coordinated and an uncoordinated approach for accessing the spectrum resource is given. A spectrum coordinator is indeed introduced in order to handle resource management. Furthermore, database system design and inter-database communication solutions are discussed as they are introduced by ETSI. Finally, various sensing mechanisms are detailed, which allow to monitor the radio environment and to feed decision-making components correspondingly. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Abstract
Long-period gratings is class of fiber gratings, in which the period of the refractive index modulation is such that it satisfies a phase matching condition between the fundamental core mode and forward propagating cladding modes of an optical fiber. Many applications in optical communications and optical fiber sensing have been reported along the last years. In this work we present a simulation tool for determining LPG transmission spectrum and the coupling curve. The simulation tool uses MatLab code. The software produces also estimations of the resonant wavelength displacement due to changes in external parameters like temperature or external refractive index. A simple comparison between the simulation and the experimental result show that exist a good agreement with results obtain.

Abstract
The presence of high levels of renewable energy resources (RES) and especially wind power production poses technical and economic challenges to system operators, which under this fact have to procure more ancillary services (AS) through various balancing mechanisms, in order to maintain the generation-consumption balance and to guarantee the security of the grid. Traditionally, these critical services had been procured only from the generation side, yet the current perception has begun to recognize the demand side as an important asset that can improve the reliability of a power system, offering notable advantages. In this study, a two-stage stochastic programming model, representing the day-ahead market clearing procedure on an hourly basis and the actual minute-to-minute operation of the power system, is developed comprising different services that specifically address various disturbance sources of the normal operation of a power system, namely intra-hour load variation, intra-hour wind variation, as well as generating unit and transmission line outages.

Abstract
Data Mining (DM) researchers often focus on the development and testing of models for a single decision (e.g., direct mailing, churn detection, etc.). In practice, however, multiple decisions have often to be made simultaneously which are not independent and the best global solution is often not the combination of the best individual solutions. This problem can be addressed by searching for the overall best solution by using optimization methods based on the predictions made by the DM models. We describe one case study were this approach was used to optimize the layout of a retail store in order to maximize predicted sales. A metaheuristic is used to search different hypothesis of space allocations for multiple product categories, guided by the predictions made by regression models that estimate the sales for each category based on the assigned space. We test three metaheuristics and three regression algorithms on this task. Results show that the Particle Swam Optimization method guided by the models obtained with Random Forests and Support Vector Machines models obtain good results. We also provide insights about the relationship between the correctness of the regression models and the metaheuristics performance.

Abstract
Engineering techniques used to evaluate strain-stress fields, materials' mechanical properties, and load transfer mechanisms, among others, are useful tools in the study of biomechanical applications. These engineering tools, as experimental and numerical ones, were imported to biomechanics, in particular in dental biomechanics, a few decades ago. Several experimental techniques have been used in dental biomechanics, like photoelasticity, ESPI (Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry), strain gages, and other kinds of transducers. However, these techniques have some limitations. For instance, photoelasticity and ESPI give the overall field pattern of the strain, showing the stress-strain concentration points. These methods cannot give an accurate measurement at all points. On the contrary, strain gages can be used to perform local measurements. However, as they use electrical resistances, their use is limited to perform in vivo measurements. Optical fiber sensors have already been used in dentistry, for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, and in dental biomechanics studies. Lasers have also been used in clinical dentistry for a few decades. Other optical technologies, like optical coherence tomography (OCT), became suitable for dental practice and nowadays it is perhaps one that has had more development in dentristry, along with lasers.

Abstract
Developments in advanced autonomous production resources have increased the interest in the Single-Machine Scheduling Problem (SMSP). Until now, researchers used SMSP with little to no practical application in industry, but with the introduction of multi-purpose machines, able of executing an entire task, such as 3D Printers, replacing extensive production chains, single-machine problems are becoming a central point of interest in real-world scheduling. In this paper we study how simple, easy to implement, Just-in-Time (JIT) based, constructive heuristics, can be used to optimize customer and enterprise oriented performance measures. Customer oriented performance measures are mainly related to the accomplishment of due dates while enterprise-oriented ones typically consider other time-oriented measures.