Abstract
The restructuring of power systems induced new challenges to generation companies in terms of adequately planning the operation of power stations in order to maximize their profits. In this scope, hydro resources are becoming extremely valuable given the revenues that their operation can generate. In this paper we describe the application of the Matlab® Linprog optimization function to solve the Short Term Hydro Scheduling Problem, HSP, admitting that some stations are installed in the same cascade and that some of them have pumping capabilities. The optimization module to solve the HSP problem is then integrated in an iterative process to take into account the impact that the operation decisions regarding the hydro stations under analysis have on the market prices. The updated market prices are then used to run again the HSP problem thus enabling considering the hydro stations as price makers. The developed approach is illustrated using a system based on the Portuguese Douro River cascade that includes 9 hydro stations (4 of them are pumping stations) and a total installed capacity of 1485 MW.

Abstract
Sinusoids are widely used to represent the oscillatory modes of musical instrument sounds in both analysis and synthesis. However, musical instrument sounds feature transients and instrumental noise that are poorly modeled with quasi-stationary sinusoids, requiring spectral decomposition and further dedicated modeling. In this work, we propose a full-band representation that fits sinusoids across the entire spectrum. We use the extended adaptive Quasi-Harmonic Model (eaQHM) to iteratively estimate amplitude- and frequency-modulated (AM-FM) sinusoids able to capture challenging features such as sharp attacks, transients, and instrumental noise. We use the signal-to-reconstruction-error ratio (SRER) as the objective measure for the analysis and synthesis of 89 musical instrument sounds from different instrumental families. We compare against quasi-stationary sinusoids and exponentially damped sinusoids. First, we show that the SRER increases with adaptation in eaQHM. Then, we show that full-band modeling with eaQHM captures partials at the higher frequency end of the spectrum that are neglected by spectral decomposition. Finally, we demonstrate that a frame size equal to three periods of the fundamental frequency results in the highest SRER with AM-FM sinusoids from eaQHM. A listening test confirmed that the musical instrument sounds resynthesized from full-band analysis with eaQHM are virtually perceptually indistinguishable from the original recordings.

Abstract
Optimal and sustainable allocation of equipment in earthwork tasks is a complex problem that requires the study of several different aspects, as well as the knowledge of a large number of factors. In truth, earthworks are comprised by a combination of repetitive, sequential, and interdependent activities based on heavy mechanical equipment (i.e., resources), such as excavators, dumper trucks, bulldozers and compactors. In order to optimally allocate the available resources, knowledge regarding their specifications (e.g., capacity, weight, horsepower) and the work conditions to which they will be subjected (e.g., material types, required and available volumes in embankment and excavation fronts, respectively) is essential. This knowledge can be translated into the productivity (i.e., work rate) of each piece of equipment when working under a specific set of conditions. Moreover, since earthwork tasks are inherently sequential and interdependent, the interaction between the allocated equipment must be taken into account. A typical example of this is the need for matching the work rate of an excavator team with the capacity of a truck team to haul the excavated material to the embankment fronts. Given the non-trivial characteristics of the earthwork allocation problem, conventional Operation Research (e.g., linear programming) and blind search methods are infeasible. As such, a potential solution is to adopt metaheuristics - modern optimization methods capable of searching large search space regions under a reasonable use of computational resources. While this may address the issue of optimizing such a complex problem, the lack of knowledge regarding optimization parameters under different work conditions, such as equipment productivity, calls for a different approach. Bearing in mind the availability of large databases, including in the earthworks area, that have been gathered in recent years by construction companies, technologies like data mining (DM) come forward as ideal tools for solving this problem. Indeed, the learning capabilities of DM algorithms can be applied to databases embodying the productivity of several equipment types when subjected to different work conditions. The extracted knowledge can then be used to estimate the productivity of the available equipment under similar work conditions. Furthermore, as previously referred, since earthwork tasks include the material hauling from excavation to embankment fronts, it also becomes imperative to analyze and optimize the possible transportation networks. In this context, the use of geographic information systems (GIS) provides an easy method to study the possible trajectories for transportation equipment in a construction site, ultimately allowing for a choice of the best paths to improve the workflow. This paper explores the advantages of integrating the referred technologies, among others, in order to allow for a sustainable management of earthworks. This is translated in the form of an evolutionary multi-criteria optimization system, capable of searching for the best allocation of the available equipment that minimizes a set of goals (e.g., cost, duration, environmental impact). Results stemming from the validation of the resulting system using real-world data from a Portuguese construction site demonstrate the potential and importance of using this kind of technologies for a sustainable management and optimization of earthworks.

Abstract
A Mach-Zehnder sensor based on a large knot fiber resonator with a diameter of a few millimeters is designed using a single long taper. The long taper of some centimeters is fabricated with a CO2 laser technique. In air, light cannot couple between adjacent sections in the knot, and no signal is observed. However, in liquid, light is less confined and there is coupling between adjacent sections of the knot, resulting in a phase difference and consequent interference. The Mach-Zehnder is formed by the two contact points in the knot. The refractive index sensing of liquid compounds is achieved by monitoring the wavelength shift of the spectra. A sensitivity of 642 +/- 29 nm/refractive index unit (RIU) is achieved for refractive index sensing in the range of 1.3735-1.428 with a resolution of 0.009 RIU. For temperature sensing, a sensitivity of -42 +/- 9 pm/degrees C is observed. A low influence of temperature in the refractive index change is observed: 6.5 x 10(-5) RIU/degrees C.

Abstract
The secure integration of renewable generation into modern power systems requires an appropriate assessment of the security of the system in real-time. The uncertainty associated with renewable power makes it impossible to tackle this problem via a brute-force approach, i.e. it is not possible to run detailed online static or dynamic simulations for all possible security problems and realizations of load and renewable power. Intelligent approaches for online security assessment with forecast uncertainty modeling are being sought to better handle contingency events. This paper reports the platform developed within the iTesla project for online static and dynamic security assessment. This innovative and open-source computational platform is composed of several modules such as detailed static and dynamic simulation, machine learning, forecast uncertainty representation and optimization tools to not only filter contingencies but also to provide the best control actions to avoid possible unsecure situations. Based on High Performance Computing (IIPC), the iTesla platform was tested in the French network for a specific security problem: overload of transmission circuits. The results obtained show that forecast uncertainty representation is of the utmost importance, since from apparently secure forecast network states, it is possible to obtain unsecure situations that need to be tackled in advance by the system operator.

Abstract
This paper, which can be divided into two main interrelated studies, firstly describes the generic modelling of a sub-transmission network model to serve as a UK variant of the original IEEE 14-bus test system. The revised model, based on the actual/realistic power components found both in the UK and in European grids, provides an updated and complete technical description, ready for use in a variety of power system studies, in which the 14-bus test system is one of the most commonly used in the literature. Afterwards, this paper categorises the typical demand characteristics of the residential load sector in the UK, by providing a wider range of reference demand values and loading conditions for the planning and modelling studies of distribution networks, dividing them into four generic residential load subsectors. Different 'after diversity demand' values are therefore provided per residential load subsector, classes of customers and seasonal variations of annual power consumption.