Abstract
Although a myriad of important theoretical and empirical contributions on ageing populations exist, these are diffuse and lack an integrated vision of the distinct mechanisms through which ageing populations affect economic growth. This being the case, in this paper we survey the literature that provides insights regarding the ageing population and its effect on economic growth. In particular, we seek to uncover the main mechanisms by which ageing affects economic growth.

Abstract
This chapter describes the market entry process of Portuguese small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) into the Brazilian. This chapter explores an under-researched strand in the studies of internationalization of SMEs, namely how trust and commitment leveraged the relationship orientation of the Portuguese SME in entering into the Brazilian market. Through a Case Study the chapter explores the concept of relationship orientation, trust and commitment to analyze how a Portuguese SME managed to turn around a difficult situation transforming its associates in business partners and prevented a process of desinternationalization. © 2016 by IGI Global.

Abstract
The present research work presents an experimental campaign of ambient vibration tests performed on twenty infill masonry walls from two buildings under construction and from another existent building. The main objective is to evaluate the influence of the boundary conditions, geometric dimensions, presence of openings with different dimensions as well as the existence of grooves along the wall for the installation of electrical cables, in the out-of-plane main frequencies of the infill walls tested. In the paper, it is presented a detailed description of the studied buildings, testing setups, equipment used, and further information regarding the walls tested. The main test results are presented and discussed.

Abstract
Due to communication and technology developments, residential consumers are enabled to participate in Demand Response Programs (DRPs), control their consumption and decrease their cost by using Household Energy Management (HEM) systems. On the other hand, capability of energy storage systems to improve the energy efficiency causes that employing Phase Change Materials (PCM) as thermal storage systems to be widely addressed in the building applications. In this paper, an operational model of HEM system considering the incorporation of more than one type of PCM in plastering mortars (hybrid PCM) is proposed not only to minimize the customer's cost in different DRPs but also to guaranty the habitants' satisfaction. Moreover, the proposed model ensures the technical and economic limits of batteries and electrical appliances. Different case studies indicate that implementation of hybrid PCM in the buildings can meaningfully affect the operational pattern of HEM systems in different DRPs. The results reveal that the customer's electricity cost can be reduced up to 48% by utilizing the proposed model.

Abstract
Gathering knowledge about food and nutritional habits of a population is of the utmost importance since dietary intervention positively impacts health outcomes across the life span. With this transversal epidemiologic study representative of the adult Portuguese population (data from SPCNA), we tried to know the nutritional intake pattern (energy and macronutrients) of the Portuguese population. In an domiciliary individualized interview sociodemographic data were registered and food intake was evaluated by the 24-hour recall method. Portuguese energy intake, is on average, 2056 kcal/day, distributed by 19.1% of protein, 45.8% of carbohydrates and 31.3% of total fat, and 3.8% of ethanol. These data will be important to Portuguese public health interventions. © 2016 The Authors

Abstract
The organizational struck of the companies in the biomass energy sector, regarding the supply chain management, services, can be greatly improved through the use of software decision support. tools. These tools should be able to provide real-time alternative scenarios when deviations from the initial production plans are observed. To make this possible it is necessary to have representative production chain process models where several scenarios and solutions can be evaluated accurately. Due to its nature, this type of process is more adequately represented by means of event-based models. to particular, this work presents the modelling a typical biomass production chain using the computing platform SIMEVENTS. Throughout the article details about the conceptual model, as well as simulation results, are provided.