Abstract

Abstract
The growth in Internet usage has increased the use of electronic services requiring users to register their identity on each service they subscribe to. This has resulted in the prevalence of redundant users data on different services. To protect and regulate access by users to these services identity management systems (IdMs) are put in place. IdMs uses frameworks and standards e.g SAML, OAuth and Shibboleth to manage digital identities of users for identification and authentication process for a service provider. However, current IdMs have not been able to address privacy issues (unauthorised and fine-grained access) that relate to protecting users identity and private data on web services. Many implementations of these frameworks are only concerned with the identification and authentication process of users but not authorisation. They mostly give full control of users digital identities and data to identity and service providers with less or no users participation. This results in a less privacy enhanced solutions that manage users available data in the electronic space. This article proposes a user-centred mandate representation system that empowers resource owners to take full of their digital data; determine and delegate access rights using their mobile phone. Thereby giving users autonomous powers on their resources to grant access to authenticated entities at their will. Our solution is based on the OpenID Connect framework for authorisation service. To evaluate the proposal, we've compared it with some related works and the privacy requirements yardstick outlined in GDPR regulation [1] and [2]. Compared to other systems that use OAuth 2.0 or SAML our solution uses an additional layer of security, where data owner assumes full control over the disclosure of their identity data through an assertion issued from their mobile phones to authorisation server (AS), which in turn issues an access token. This would enable data owners to assert the authenticity of a request, while service providers and requestors also benefit from the correctness and freshness of identity data disclosed to them.

Abstract
Lung cancer is among the deadliest diseases in the world. The detection and characterization of pulmonary nodules are crucial for an accurate diagnosis, which is of vital importance to increase the patients’ survival rates. The segmentation process contributes to the mentioned characterization, but faces several challenges, due to the diversity in nodular shape, size, and texture, as well as the presence of adjacent structures. This paper proposes two methods for pulmonary nodule segmentation in Computed Tomography (CT) scans. First, a conventional approach which applies the Sliding Band Filter (SBF) to estimate the center of the nodule, and consequently the filter’s support points, matching the initial border coordinates. This preliminary segmentation is then refined to include mainly the nodular area, and no other regions (e.g. vessels and pleural wall). The second approach is based on Deep Learning, using the U-Net to achieve the same goal. This work compares both performances, and consequently identifies which one is the most promising tool to promote early lung cancer screening and improve nodule characterization. Both methodologies used 2653 nodules from the LIDC database: the SBF based one achieved a Dice score of 0.663, while the U-Net achieved 0.830, yielding more similar results to the ground truth reference annotated by specialists, and thus being a more reliable approach. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019.

Abstract
This paper presents a novel dataset, composed of images of objects in two distinct environments and both controlled and uncontrolled capture conditions, aimed at serving as a benchmark for domain-adaptation image classification algorithms in an air versus underwater context. All images are fully annotated, extending the use of the dataset for detection as well as segmentation tasks. An exemplifying use-case is tested, where the performance of a Support Vector Machine applied to a Bag-of-Visual-Words and SIFT features is evaluated on both domains, with different training methodologies. Results demonstrate that the conventional classifier used has a lack of generalization ability, with a poor transfer of knowledge from the aerial to the aquatic domain.

Abstract
The territories promotion is an ongoing challenge for multiple knowledge disciplines. Tourism-related products have been the most suitable ambassador of territories and still have an untapped potential. In scenarios where destinations have territory museums - closed but also open air museums - exists an enormous opportunity to promote the territory through them. But, for accomplish this, ICT have a natural collaborative role, supporting the information and services needs of tourists/visitants either to make their experiences more immersive or/and to allow the visiting to know more about the surrounding environment - the territory. This paper, presenting a model, start to discusses the potential of territory museums as destinations promoters and the role of ICT to provide suitable models that allow in-situ immersive experiences and a full integration with the territories information and services. This approach, merging the physical and the virtual, allow the territories promotion and an integrated approach capable to meet the requirements of visitants that are growing entities for knowledge about he territories that they visit and that they desire to explore.

Abstract
The first in-depth study on the use of electrocardiogram and electrooculogram for subject-dependent classification in driver sleepiness/fatigue under realistic driving conditions is presented in this work. Since acquisitions in simulated environments may be misleading for sleepiness assessment, performing studies on road are required. For that purpose, the authors present a database resulting from a field driving study performed in the SleepEye project. Based on previous research, supervised machine learning methods are implemented and applied to 16 heart- and 25 eye-based extracted features, mostly related to heart rate variability and blink events, respectively, in order to study the influence of subject dependency in sleepiness classification, using different classifiers and dealing with imbalanced class distributions. Results showed a significantly worse performance in subject-independent classification: a decrease of similar to 40 and 20% in the detection rate of the 'sleepy' class for two and three classes, respectively. Since physiological signals are the ones that present the most individual characteristics, a subject-independent classification can be even harder to perform. Transfer learning techniques and methods for imbalanced distributions are promising approaches and need further investigation.