Abstract
This paper presents a multi-level optimization framework for power system operators' joint electricity markets capacity-withholding assessment. The main contribution of this research is that three capacity-withholding indices are introduced for day-ahead, intra-day, and real-time scheduling of the system that detect the capacity withholding and arbitrage opportunities of Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) and non-utility fossil-fueled GENeration COmpanies (GENCOs) in an ex-ante procedure. A three-level optimization process is used so that the system operator can estimate the coordinated bidding of VPPs/GENCOs in different energy and ancillary services markets to prevent the formation of withholding groups. The first level problem consists of two stages. The first stage estimates the optimal capacity withholding and arbitrage bidding strategy of VPPs/GENCOs, and the second stage determines the optimal system scheduling for the day-ahead horizon. A full competition algorithm is also carried out to evaluate the competition states of VPPs/GENCOs. The second and third level problems consist of two optimization stages for the intra-day and real-time optimization horizons. At the first stage of each level, the process estimates the coordinated bidding of VPPs/GENCOs, and at the second stage of each level, the system resources are optimally dispatched. The proposed method is applied to 30-bus and 118-bus IEEE test systems. The proposed algorithm reduced the maximum locational marginal prices of 30-bus and 118-bus test systems by about 57.04% and 44.73% compared to the normal and the worst-case contingency operating conditions, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed method reduced the average values of day-ahead, intra-day and real-time dynamic capacity withholding indices of the 118-bus test system by about 32.92%, 40.1%, and 46.85%, respectively.

Abstract
In order to enhance the restoration capability of the distribution system during emergency conditions, a resiliency-driven critical load restoration strategy is propounded in this paper. Electric vehicles (EVs) are considered for the grid-support services to deal with challenges on such occasions, in order to maintain the power supply continuity of critical loads by reducing the number of outage periods. The collaboration between fleet operator and distribution system operator is considered in the proposed scheme, making it possible to direct available EVs to the damaged areas. The random characteristic of the seismic event is captured by generating numerous hazard scenarios using a probabilistic approach with the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) technique. Afterwards, the unavailability of overhead distribution branches is determined within the fragility curve concept. Besides, the uncertainties caused by EV mobility are considered by performing learning-based analyses for forecasting the location and amount of EVs in the related zone. The obtained data is processed as input parameters in a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) framework-based stochastic model. Besides, the conceptually developed interfaces for all stakeholders in the proposed scheme are described in detail for bridging the gap between the theoretical background of the concept and practical real-world implementation.

Abstract
This paper aims to analyze some different solutions that were adopted in control education activities during the pandemic. The authors of this paper are educators in the control education field from different countries on all the continents, who have developed a questionnaire with the idea of collecting data about the COVID-19 pandemic impact on the control education activities. The main objective is to study the diverse alternatives that were used worldwide to perform the online educational activities during that period, such as methodologies, tools, learning management systems (LMS), theoretical exercises, laboratory experiments, types of exams, simulators, software for online lecturing, etc. As a result, comparisons between preand during-pandemic educational resources and methods are performed, where useful ideas and discussions are given for the control education community. Copyright (C) 2022 The Authors.

Abstract
Purpose The research aims to examine the underlying factors of entrepreneurial intentions among seniors. In this vein, it evaluates the role of social context proxied by the human development index (HDI) along with individual characteristics towards these initiatives. Emerging economies deliver great potential for income generation swiftly approaching the standards of their developed counterparts. Their present ageing trends severely threaten growth prospects because of workforce withering. European insights will help anticipating constraints through alternative models of human capital allocation. Design/methodology/approach Four logistic regressions were run to address hypotheses in test, relying upon the global entrepreneurship monitor - adult population survey. Estimations include 20,386 individuals from database and 21 European Union countries. Ex-post robustness checks corroborate the global significance of the proposed model. Findings Empirical findings reinforce the importance of the macroeconomic context among senior endeavours and the non-linearities in terms of the age effect. Moreover, context can help eroding gender gaps in this field and refine the opportunity perception These results go in line with the literature and extend the importance of promoting a favourable ecosystem. Promotion of senior endeavours must consider smart policy packages encompassing the individual singularities as this age range will be too important to be wasted. Senior entrepreneurs are key to the latent job market crisis, needing to be encouraged through positive discrimination. Research limitations/implications Originally, by incorporating an exogenous variable encompassing the role of the entrepreneurial context, this study contributes academically to evaluating the determinants of entrepreneurial activity among the elderly. In addition, the development of cohorts highlights the specific importance of individual characteristics in entrepreneurial propensity in each context. The heterogenous results proves the ineffectiveness of "one sizes fits all" policies. Practical implications This research reinforces extant literature, notwithstanding the empirical refinements implemented brought up two additional perspectives: complementing previous towards the relevance of HDI cohorts along with the non-linearities of the effect of age. Learning from the European context and acknowledging efficacy of policy instruments will avoid serendipitous actions or failures, enhancing promising ecosystems such as emerging economies. Originality/value The study academically contributes to the appraisal of the determinants of entrepreneurial activity among seniors, thus, in an original way, by incorporating an exogenous variable to appraise the role of the context. Development cohorts evidence the existence of singularities in entrepreneurial propensity and individual characteristics according to their levels, such that policy actions should consider their differences.

Abstract
<div>Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have emerged as suitable platforms for transporting and positioning communications nodes on demand, including Wi-Fi Access Points and cellular Base Stations. This paved the way for the deployment of flying networks capable of temporarily providing wireless connectivity and reinforcing coverage and capacity of existing networks. Several solutions have been proposed for the positioning of UAVs acting as Flying Access Points (FAPs). Yet, the positioning of Flying Communications Relays (FCRs) in charge of forwarding the traffic to/from the Internet has not received equal attention. In addition, state of the art works are focused on optimizing both the flying network performance and the energy-efficiency from the communications point of view, leaving aside a relevant component: the energy spent for the UAV propulsion.</div><div>We propose the Energy and Performance Aware relay Positioning (EPAP) algorithm. EPAP defines target performance-aware Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) values for the wireless links established between the FCR UAV and the FAPs and, based on that, computes the trajectory to be completed by the FCR UAV so that the energy spent for the UAV propulsion is minimized. EPAP was evaluated in terms of both the flying network performance and the FCR UAV endurance, considering multiple networking scenarios. Simulation results show gains up to 25% in the FCR UAV endurance, while not compromising the Quality of Service offered by the flying network.</div>

Abstract
The achievement of the 2030 Agenda implies a shared responsibility in the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Local government, in particular municipalities, is closer to citizens and, therefore, better placed to respond to the needs of each region. This study intends to explore initiatives promoted by civil society, businesses, and local organizations in the context of each municipality in Portugal to address the sustainable development goals established in the 2030 Agenda. It adopts mixed methods to quantify the impact of these initiatives in the territories and qualitatively explores the inherent characteristics associated with each project. The findings show that there are significant asymmetries in the number of projects in the Portuguese regions and that there is a moderately positive correlation between the number of projects and the municipality's population density and GDP. It was also found that the projects focus mainly on areas such as SDG1, SDG1, SDG11, and SDG13. The projects are mainly characterized by offering platforms for collaborative work among the various stakeholders, seeking to meet the challenges of combating social exclusion, and supporting environmental education. Above all, this study offers implications for local agents to work in networks and establish synergies between projects that may lead to greater territorial coverage and contribute to reducing the socioeconomic asymmetries that exist in the country.