Abstract
The in-situ investigation and characterization of ISC'2 experimental site comprised the application of several geophysical borehole, penetration and surface methods, namely S waves high resolution shallow reflection (SHRR), ground penetrating radar (GPR), P and S waves seismic cross-hole (CH), downhole (DII), refraction, electrical resistivity, as well as geotechnical tests, namely SPT, CPT, DMT, among others. The site, located within the campus of Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP), is geologically fortned by an upper layer of heterogeneous residual granite soil overlaying rather weathered granite contacting a gneissic migmatite. Direct and indirect results from some of the referred surveys are compared between them and with some of the available geological and geotechnical information, in particular hereby (Part II), those obtained from SHRR, GPR, and CH seismic tests. The integration of the available information was then used to build a tentative geological interpretation model. One of the objectives of this component of the global study, hereby presented, was to evaluate the possibility of obtaining valid infortnation from a single technique, particularly, S waves shallow reflection.

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Associated with the exploitation of metallic minerals in Europe during the 20th century, several mining areas were abandoned without adequate environmental intervention. Furthermore, these areas lack studies to characterize the impact of pollution on the hydrogeological system. The area surrounding the tungsten mine of Regoufe, in northern Portugal, is one such area exploited during the Second World War. The accumulation of sulfide-rich tailings may have caused an acid mine drainage (AMD), where the leaching processes caused by seepage water led to soil contamination, evidenced by its acid character and anomalous concentrations of some Potentially Toxic Elements (PTE) reported in previous studies. The present research proposes an innovative approach that seeks the integration of different geophysical techniques to characterize the impact of mining activity on the subsurface. Electrical resistivity (ER) and electromagnetic (EM) were used to measure subsurface electrical properties. In addition, seismic refraction and Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) were performed to characterize the geometry, depth, and geomechanical behavior of the soil and rock bodies. The integration of these techniques allowed the interpretation of hydrogeological sections and a 3D resistivity volume to gain insight into the distribution of potentially contaminating fluids and tailings material present in the mining valley.

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Batalha Abbey is a 14th century UNESCO world heritage site that shows signs of decay. During the last years, high resolution geophysical methods have been used to contribute to the knowledge of its construction characteristics and to an informed maintenance and rehabilitation project. Here in it is presented a multimethod high-resolution geophysical investigation of its main tower. A 3D resistivity survey was carried out on the surface around the tower to investigate the ground beneath it. A GPR survey was used on the tower walls surface to investigate its interior. Three frequencies, 250MHz, 500MHz and 800MHz, were used. Finally, a seismic tomography study was done around the tower with both geophones and sources on the tower walls to provide a 3D velocity image of the tower interior. 3D resistivity results give a clear image of the walls foundations and of the ground beneath the tower. GPR 250MHz data provide a complete GPR image across the tower, although of low resolution. Higher resolution GPR results provided clearer information on the constructive elements of the tower. Finally, the seismic tomography results gave, for the first time, a complete image of the tower interior and proved it a compact construction with no voids.