Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of a cognitive stimulation program on older adults diagnosed with dementia. The sample comprised 22 participants aged 73-95, randomly assigned to an experimental group (N = 12) and a control group (N = 10). While no statistically significant decreases were observed in the studied dimensions, clinically relevant gains were noted: 41.70% in cognition, 41.60% in quality of life, and 8.3% in functional skills. Although no therapeutic interventions have successfully reversed dementia, healthcare providers reported improvements in participants’ social interactions, behaviors, and engagement in daily institutional routines. These observations suggest tangible benefits from program participation. It’s important to note that staff working closely with these patients daily observed these improvements despite the lack of statistically significant results. This discrepancy highlights the potential limitations of relying solely on quantitative measures to assess such interventions’ effectiveness. In conclusion, the cognitive stimulation program shows promise as a potential tool for slowing dementia-associated degenerative processes, particularly in areas that standard quantitative assessments may not fully capture. Further research with larger sample sizes and more sensitive measures may be warranted to fully understand the program’s impact.

Abstract
This paper is a conceptual and interpretative update of a previously published version. The main objective of this study was to understand how target position influences eye movements in navigational and informative tasks. The sample comprised 20 university students (13 females 7 males, aged 18-44). Participants completed a socio-demographic questionnaire and performed two tasks: navigational and informative. Eye movements were recorded during task performance. A 2x2 MANOVA was conducted to analyze linear combinations of dependent variables (blink duration, blink frequency, and fixation duration) across task types and target positions. Results revealed significant differences in eye movement patterns between tasks. The navigational task showed shorter average blink durations (204.236-1656.397 ms) and fewer blinks (1.987-9.786) compared to the informative task (553.598-1864.440 ms; 9.648-20.040 blinks, respectively). Strong interaction effects were observed between average fixation duration and individual position in both navigational (?p2 = .216) and informative (?p2 = .176) tasks. We conclude that target position in the navigational task significantly influences university students’ eye movements, while individual position affects eye movements in both navigational and informative tasks. These findings contribute to understanding how task demands modulate visual attention and potentially affect user interface design and educational technology.

Abstract
The main objective of this study is to understand how the target’s position influences eye movement in navigational and informative tasks. The study included 20 university students, 13 females and 7 males, aged between 18 and 44. Participants answered a socio-demographic questionnaire and performed two tasks: navigational and informative. Linear combinations of dependent variables were performed through the MANOVA (2x2) test, which maximized the differences between several conditions of the independent variables. The results indicate that the target’s position in the navigational task significantly influences the eye movement of university students. Additionally, the individual’s position influences eye movement in both navigational and informative tasks. It is concluded that both the target’s position and the individual’s position determine eye movement factors during navigational and informative tasks, highlighting the importance of considering these variables in studies of visual perception and human-computer interaction.

Abstract

Abstract
The present paper aims to present a synthesis of the knowledge already accumulated on the relation between physical exercise and states of humor. Very few studies on physical activity and physical exercise have examined mood or emotion in the perspective of a contemporary theory of emotions. It has yet to be unequivocally demonstrated that acute exercise of the type commonly practiced for leisure or fitness alters emotional responses. The reasons why many people decide to adopt exercise include weight loss and health benefits, including changes in mood states. Adoption of a life healthy style based on physical exercise involves time and a considerable effort in the short term, and visible results do not occur immediately, but rather after a long period of time (months). Advanced motives for exercising have included humor as a factor and, in fact, humor continues to play a significant, conceptually meaningful role as a reason for people to exercise.

Abstract
Desde o tempo de Platão que se constata a importância de brincar como forma de fomentar a educação e o desenvolvimento. Porém, as formas de brincar têm vindo a modificar-se ao longo do tempo, sendo que, actualmente, os jogos ao ar livre foram substituídos por brinquedos com características eletrónicas.