Abstract
Several approaches exist to automatically derive test cases that check the conformance of the implementation of abstract data types (ADTs) with respect to their specification. However, they lack support for the testing of implementations of ADTs defined by generic classes. In this paper, we present a novel technique to automatically derive, from specifications, unit test cases for Java generic classes that, in addition to the usual testing data, encompass implementations for the type parameters. The proposed technique relies on the use of Alloy Analyzer to find model instances for each test goal. JUnit test cases and Java implementations of the parameters are extracted from these model instances. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

Abstract
This paper describes a process to reverse engineer structural and behavioural formal models of a GUI application by a dynamic technique, mixing manual with automatic exploration. The goal is to diminish the effort required to construct the model and mapping information needed in a model-based GUI testing process. A skeleton of a state machine model of the GUI, represented in a formal pre/post specification language, is generated automatically by the exploration process. Mapping information between the model and the implementation is also generated along the way. The model extracted automatically is then completed manually in order to get an executable model which can be used as a test oracle. Abstract test cases, including expected outputs, can be generated automatically from the final model and executed over the GUI application, using the mapping information generated during the exploration process.

Abstract

Abstract
The incorrect behaviour of Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) can compromise the effective use of the overall software application. One way to discover defects and increase the quality of GUIs is through testing. Test cases can be created manually or produced automatically from a model of the GUI. The size and complexity of GUIs makes it unpractical to do extensive manual testing. However, creating a model of the GUI in order to generate automatically test cases is also a laborious task. This paper presents a reverse engineering approach for diminishing the effort required for constructing the model of an existing GUI. The GUI is exercised by a combination of manual and automatic exploration, and information about its structure and some of its behaviour is automatically extracted, resulting in an incomplete GUI model. This model is subsequently completed manually, validated and used as input for automatic test generation and execution.

Abstract
It is proposed an approach to integrate formal methods in the software development process, with an emphasis on the user interface development. The approach covers the specification by means of formal models, early model animation and validation, construction and conformity testing of the user interface implementation with respect to the specification. These conformity tests are described in detail through a state transition model with an abstraction function mapping concrete (implementation) to abstract (specification) states and operations. In order to illustrate the approach, it is presented a simple login/password dialog specification in VDM++, using a reusable control specification library, with a straightforward translation to Java or C#.

Abstract
It is presented a promising approach to test interactive components, supporting the automatic generation of test cases from a specification. The relevance and difficulties (issues and challenges) associated with the testing of interactive components are first presented. It is shown that a formal specification with certain characteristics allows the automatic generation of test cases while solving some of the issues presented. The approach is illustrated with an example of automatic testing of the conformity between the implementation of a button, in the .Net framework, and a specification, written in the AsmL language, using the AsmL Tester tool.The conclusion discusses the characteristics of the tool and gives directions for future work.