Abstract
Innovation stills on the world's agenda as the holy grail of business success. Nevertheless, it stills hard for some communities to understand and embrace innovation processes in a systematic way as a continuum for regional development. Our stance is that innovation seeds, feeds innovation. That means, innovation won't work in a closed cycle, but rather in an open and cross-entity manner, forming a knowledge-managed regional development ecosystem. Accordingly, this paper describes a knowledge lab, designed as an intel structure to offer knowledge-intensive services towards the regional development of the "Tamega e Sousa" (NUTIII) Region. This knowledge lab aims at complementing the installed dynamics on innovation support and economic stimulus in a knowledge-based innovation management approach.

Abstract
Education is the most successful strategy for a country's growth and development. It is widely agreed that it is the most effective means that society possesses for dealing with the challenges of the future. Nevertheless, higher education has been confronted and needs, therefore, to redefine its historic role as the center of universal knowledge and understanding. This chapter analyzes the importance of internationalization on higher education institutions and enable us to better understand how they are changing as a consequence of the globalization process. Using the University of Aveiro as a case study, we will be studying what internationalization is in a higher education context and which rationales, approaches, and activities are associated with the internationalization process. Furthermore, the appropriateness of theories of internationalization specifically developed for business contexts will be portrayed at the end of the chapter.

Abstract
Considering the importance of innovation and supply chain (SC) management for firms' competitiveness and the growing interest for the relationship between these two areas, this conceptual paper aims to answer the following research question: how does the fit between the different innovation strategies and SC strategies influence business performance? A literature review was conducted as the basis for developing a conceptual framework, using the principles of resource-based view and contingency theory. Different innovation and SC strategies are studied and discussed with respect to the expected effects of fit on business performance. Five propositions and a conceptual framework are presented showing the complexity of the relationship between both strategies. The conceptual model put forward helps to advance research in the area allowing for an interrelationship between innovation and SC strategies, something that has not been adequately researched, and provides insights for managers who are seeking substantive improvement of business performance.

Abstract

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the retail banking behavior in Portugal for the period between 2008 and 2010. The data collection took place through the accounting consultation of the reports and accounts of the years under analysis. The selected variables reflect the strategic actions of retail banking during the period under analysis, and it can be argued that retail banking in Portugal has clear differences among players over time. In particular, banking institutions have different competitive strategies, the strategic groups do not have similar resources, and strategies also differ between strategic groups. This reflects the competitive structure of the national retail banking industry.

Abstract
Purpose The existing literature suggests that multinational corporations (MNCs) divest subsidiary units whenever they cease to enjoy the advantages of ownership, location or internalization. However, not all MNCs divest under these conditions. This paper aims to explore the factors that contributed to the survival of a particular subsidiary and prevented it from being divested. Design/methodology/approach The analysis focuses on an individual subsidiary of a large foreign MNC in the electronics industry, which divested other subsidiaries from Portugal. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Findings The subsidiary's diverse customer base, specificity and high level of efficiency, the local advantages, the existing governmental agreements and the parent MNC's previous unsuccessful relocation experiences seem to have contributed to the survival of the subsidiary. Research limitations/implications - Although the results of the case study are not generalizable to the entire population of firms, the featured case study is a rare survival success story in the Portuguese electronics industry. Practical implications - The proposed framework may offer public authorities measures to create conditions to encourage firms to retain their investment in a particular site. For corporate strategists, new perspectives on subsidiary survival are provided. Originality/value This paper is one of the few qualitative studies in the field of subsidiary survival. The results offer an integrative framework on which factors contribute to the survival of a subsidiary located on a comparatively unfavorable labor cost location and support the role of the organizational learning and of previous failed relocation experiences and relocation barriers when a parent MNC decides whether to retain a unit.