Abstract

Abstract
A cartographic-oriented model uses algebraic map operations to perform spatial analysis of medical data relative to the human body. A prototype system uses 3D visualization techniques to deliver analysis results. A prototype implementation suggests the model might provide the basis for a medical application tool that introduces new information insight. © 2008 IEEE.

Abstract
Objective The main goal of the CHUB (cartographic human body) model is to introduce a cartographic approach that can assist the analysis, visualization and diagnosis of medical images and related data. Method Acartographic model is proposed as a reference framework for the development of computer systems and applications. This model accommodates subtle spatial features of these data that may facilitate diagnosis. Medical images and related data are structured into different "human-referenced" information layers. Algebraic map operations are used to combine these layers and achieve greater insights into the information content. Results Two case studies were considered to evaluate and validate the model: hydrokinetic therapy and the diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis. A prototype based on the CHUB model was implemented and two different approaches were performed to test and evaluate it. Full acceptance of the model was achieved by clinicians who used the CHUB system. Conclusion Acartographic model provides a feasible means for analyzing and visualizing medical image and related data. CHUB is a suitable model that may be used as a common framework for systems, applications and/or support tools that analyze and visualize medical images and related data (for example, in disease diagnosis).

Abstract
This paper presents a framework for the design and implementation of learning objects using a competence-based approach. This framework is illustrated by the development of a standalone Windows application (Trilho GOA) whose primary purpose is to create standardized pedagogical contents trough the aggregation and standardization of instructional resources in several formats that can be used later on a Learning Management System (LMS) supporting SCORM 1.2. The paper contains a brief introduction to the developed software, its system architecture, main features and several pedagogical advantages for its users.

Abstract

Abstract
L-systems have been used in Computer Graphics, namely for modelling plants, as well as in a few experiments to model urban environments. However, the lack of geospatial awareness is a limitation and in spite of some developments like open L-systems, that introduced the ability to communicate with the environment, there was a need for more flexibility. This paper presents Geospatial L-systems, a new extension of L-systems that incorporates geospatial awareness, and shows an application in the area of expeditious modelling of urban environments. A modelling system, named XL3D, generates virtual urban environments automatically from a XML based document that contains a modelling specification and accesses data sources in an interoperable way. The integration of geospatial L-systems in this modelling system has increased the potential for automation and the potential to generate virtual urban environments with a higher level of detail and visual fidelity, with a lower level of complexity of the modelling processes. These facts are shown in a case study where a virtual urban environment, taken from an area in the Porto downtown, is generated by this solution.