Abstract
A large part of the software development effort is typically spent on maintenance and evolution, namely on adding new and unanticipated features. As aspect-oriented programming (AOP) can be easily used to compose software in non-planned ways, many researchers are investigating AOP as a technique that can play an important role in this particular field. However, unexpected interactions between aspects are still a major problem that compromise AOP's applicability, especially in large projects where many developers, often including new team members, are involved in the process. This paper addresses the issues of aspect conflicts and interactions and proposes a technique to help compose aspects in a disciplined way using a test-driven development approach. A simple example for a banking system helps on illustrating the technique. © 2008 ACM.

Abstract
Learning and understanding a framework is usually a major obstacle to its effective reuse. Before being able to use a framework successfully, users often go through a steep learning curve by spending a lot of effort understanding its underlying architecture and design principles. This is mainly due to users having to understand not only single isolated classes, but also complex designs of several classes whose instances collaborate for many different purposes, and using many different mechanisms. In addition, frameworks are also full of delocalized plans, and use inheritance and delegation intensively, which makes their design more difficult to grasp. How to obtain the necessary information from the framework itself and its accompanying documentation is the main problem with framework understanding. Considering its importance, this paper presents an initial attempt to capture, in the pattern form, a set of proven solutions to recurrent problems of understanding frameworks. The fundamental objective of this work is to help non-experts on being more effective when trying to learn and understand object-oriented frameworks. © 2008 is held by the author(s).

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract
Expeditious modelling of virtual urban environments consists of generating realistic 3d models from limited information. It has several practical applications but typically suffers from a lack of accuracy in the parameter values that feed the modeller. By gathering small amounts of information about certain key urban areas, it becomes possible to feed a system that automatically compares and adjusts the input parameter values to find optimal solutions of parameter combinations that resemble the real life model. These correctly parameterized rules can then be reapplied to generate virtual models of real areas with similar characteristics to the referenced area. Based on several nature inspired metaheuristic algorithms such as genetic algorithms, simulated annealing and harmony search, this paper presents a new hybrid metaheuristic algorithm capable of optimizing functions with both discrete and continuous parameters and offer competitive results in a highly neglected field of application.

Abstract
The internet in the last few years has changed the way people interact with each other. In the past, users were just passive actors, consuming the information available on the web. Nowadays, their behavior is the opposite. With the so-called web 2.0, internet users became active agents and are now responsible for the creation of the content in web sites like MySpace, Wikipedia, YouTube, Yahoo! Answers and many more. Likewise, the way people buy a product or service has changed considerably. Thousands of online communities have been created on the internet, where users can share opinions and ideas about an electronic device, a medical service or a restaurant. An increasing number of consumers use this kind of online communities as information source before buying a product or service. This article describes a web system with the goal of creating an online community, where users could share their knowledge about local services, writing reviews and answering questions made by other members of the community regarding those services. The system will provide means for synchronous and asynchronous communication between users so that they can share their knowledge more easily.