Abstract
Open development has emerged as a method for creating versatile and complex products through free collaboration of individuals. This free collaboration gathers globally distributed teams. Similarly, it is common today to view businesses and other human organisations as ecosystems, where several participating companies and organisations cooperate and compete together. As an example, Free/Libre Open Source Software ( FLOSS) development is one area where community driven development provides a plausible platform for both development of products and establishing a software ecosystem where a set of businesses contribute their own innovations. Equally, open and informal learning environments and open innovation platforms are also gaining ground. While such initiatives are not limited to any specific area, they typically offer a technological, legal, social, and economic framework for development, relying always on people as open development would not exist without the active participation of them. This paper explores the participation of master students in FLOSS projects, while merging two different settings of learning: formal and open/informal education.

Abstract
Administrative burden represents the costs to businesses, citizens and the administration itself of complying with government regulations and procedures. The burden tends to increase with new forms of public governance that rely less on direct decisions and actions undertaken by traditional government bureaucracies, and more on government creating and regulating the environment for other, non-state actors to jointly address public needs. Based on the reviews of research and policy literature, this paper explores administrative burden as a policy problem, presents how Digital Government (DG) could be applied to address this problem, and identifies societal adoption, organizational readiness and other conditions under which DG can be an effective tool for Administrative Burden Reduction (ABR). Finally, the paper tracks ABR to the latest Contextualization stage in the DG evolution, and discusses possible development approaches and technological potential of pursuing ABR through DG.

Abstract
How learning occurs within Free/LibreOpen Source (FLOSS) communities and what is the dynamics of such projects (e.g. the life cycle of such projects) are very relevant questions when considering the use of FLOSS projects in a formal education setting. This paper introduces an approach based on the 3C collaboration model (communication, coordination and cooperation) to represent the collaborative learning dynamics within FLOSS communities. To explore the collaborative learning potential of FLOSS communities a number of questionnaires and interviews to selected FLOSS contributors were run. From this study a 3C collaborative model applicable to FLOSS communities was designed and discussed.

Abstract

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Abstract
Exciting new capabilities of modern trusted hardware technologies allow for the execution of arbitrary code within environments completely isolated from the rest of the system and provide cryptographic mechanisms for securely reporting on these executions to remote parties. Rigorously proving security of protocols that rely on this type of hardware faces two obstacles. The first is to develop models appropriate for the induced trust assumptions (e.g., what is the correct notion of a party when the peer one wishes to communicate with is a specific instance of an an outsourced program). The second is to develop scalable analysis methods, as the inherent stateful nature of the platforms precludes the application of existing modular analysis techniques that require high degrees of independence between the components. We give the first steps in this direction by studying three cryptographic tools which have been commonly associated with this new generation of trusted hardware solutions. Specifically, we provide formal security definitions, generic constructions and security analysis for attested computation, key-exchange for attestation and secure outsourced computation. Our approach is incremental: each of the concepts relies on the previous ones according to an approach that is quasi-modular. For example we show how to build a secure outsourced computation scheme from an arbitrary attestation protocol combined together with a key-exchange and an encryption scheme.