Abstract

Abstract
This article presents some results of the analysis of two practical cases of informational production considered priorities in the context of trustworthy digital repository structuration in a Portuguese public administration institution. This is an Information Science (IS) study in the field of Information Management (IM), assuming the function of information preservation as an IM variable under a systemic perspective.It addresses, on the one hand, the adoption of formats normalization as a preservation strategy based on the adoption of PDF/A, a work that has been carried out in recent years in the institution, and on the other hand, tasks and specifications that should be developed regarding the management and preservation of informational production communicated via email. It is characterized PDF format, variants and application contexts, and it is defined and described how works the technology of email, the need and importance to be considered in IM processes. An approach that involves the development of an email management policy, the email management process throughout its life cycle, assuming its preservation in a perspective of continuous access and use, only possible if it's effectively integrated into the management processes of organizational information system, from the stage of production / reception / capture. It presents different perspectives, good practices and reference guidelines and tools.

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract
Background: Neuroimmune axis is central in the physiopathology of hip osteoarthritis (OA), but its specific pathways are still unclear. This systematic review aims to assess the nervous and immune system profile of patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA) when compared to healthy controls. Methods: A systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines was conducted. A two-step selection process was completed, and from 609 references 17 were included. The inclusion criteria were: original articles on adult patients with hip OA, with assessment of neuroimmune expression. Articles with other interventions prior to analysis and those without a control group were excluded. Results: Thirty-nine relevant neuroimmune markers were identified, with assessments in bone, cartilage, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, whole blood, serum and/or immune cells. GM-CSF, IFN-gamma, IL-1 alpha, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1 and TNF-alpha presented variable expression among tissues studied when compared between hip OA and controls. VEGFs and TGF-beta isoforms showed similar tendencies among tissues and studies. On nervous expression, CGRP, Tuj-1 and SP were increased in synovial membrane. Overall, patients with hip OA presented a higher number of overexpressed markers. Conclusions: For the first time a systematic review on neuroimmune expression in patients with hip OA found an upregulation of neuroimmune markers, with deregulated balance between pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, no clear systematic pattern was found, and few information is available on nervous expression. This highlights the importance of future research with clear methodologies to guide the management of these patients.