Teresa Galvão

Abstract
Mobile ticketing services allow urban transport passengers to travel in a convenient and easy way, enhancing their travelling experience. In recent years several mobile ticketing services have started to be developed and launched, but there is still a lot to be done in terms of its effectiveness, efficiency and innovation. This paper presents a micro-location mobile ticketing solution based on Near Field Communication (NFC) and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technologies, called Anda. This solution is based on a check-in/be-out scheme and requires the minimum intervention from the passenger. It is really innovative in the urban transport field, as it takes advantage of BLE technology not usually used for this purpose, it is based on a concept of post-billing with a fare optimization algorithm associated and it allows the micro-location of passengers throughout their journeys. This paper details the architecture of the solution and its mode of operation. It also presents the evaluation methodology that was followed during the pilot trial that took place in the Metropolitan Area of Porto (AMP), Portugal, during one year with 140 real passengers. A set of design lessons were identified as a result of the field tests and materialized in five mobile ticketing design dimensions, constituting important contributions to the design of future mobile ticketing services. Anda was commercially deployed in the AMP in 2018 and is used by thousands of passengers every day. IEEE

Abstract
The tourism sector has been facing continuous growth. It plays a vital role in countries' economic development, highlighting the need to keep nurturing it by making it easier and more attractive. This paper presents Tourism as a Service - an innovative concept that aims to ease a day in the life of a tourist by integrating services that might be found spread out through separate tools and services, including ticketing in public transport and touristic attractions, route planning, information, among others. First, focus groups were done in order to understand the users' needs regarding the use of a mobile ticketing solution in tourism. The findings from the literature reviewed and the previous step were then prioritized by relevance in a questionnaire sent to potential users, allowing the creation of a medium-fidelity prototype. The validation through usability testing confirmed an interest in the proposed solution. The critical design choices surrounding the proposed solution were discussed along with improvements and further work to be done.

Abstract
This work proposes an architecture to treat georeferenced data from the OpenStreetMap to plan routes. The methodology considers the following steps: collecting data, incorporating data into a data manager, importing data into a data model, executing routing algorithms, and visualizing routes. Our proposal incorporates the following features characterizing each street segment: safety & security, comfort, accessibility, air quality, time, and distance. Routes can be calculated considering any specified weighting system of these features. The outcome of the application of this architecture allows to calculate and visualize routes from georeferenced data, which can support researchers in the study of multi-criteria routes. Furthermore, this framework enhances the OSM data model adding a multi-criteria dimension for route planning.

Abstract
The advantages associated with mobile ticketing solutions are undeniable; however, most of these solutions are designed for the local population without taking into account the specific needs of tourists. Therefore, this study fills an important research gap in the literature by assessing the adoption drivers of mobile ticketing services by tourists and pointing out possible directions to the design of such services. The proposed model includes constructs of the technology acceptance model (TAM), diffusion of innovations (DOI) theory, and others widely disseminated in the literature on mobile payments, such as mobility. The model was empirically tested through an online survey, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied to analyze the data. The results show that the intention of tourists to use mobile ticketing services is positively affected by the perceived usefulness and mobility. The survey findings also describe additional services that respondents value in a mobile ticket service for tourists, both in normal and in pandemic contexts, useful to shape future mobile ticketing solutions for tourists.

Abstract
The continuous growth of the world population and its agglomeration in urban cities, demand an increasing need for mobility, which in turn contributes to the worsening of traffic congestion and pollution in cities. Therefore, it is necessary to promote active travel, such as walking and cycling. However, this is not an easy task, as pedestrians and cyclists are the most vulnerable link in the system, and low levels of safety, security and comfort can contribute to choosing private cars over active travel. Hence, it is essential to understand the determinants that affect the perceptions of pedestrians and cyclists, in order to support the definition of policies that promote the use of active modes of transport. Thus, this article fills an important gap in the literature by identifying and discussing the objective and subjective determinants that affect the perceptions of safety, security and comfort of pedestrians and cyclists, through a systematic review of the literature published in the last ten years. It followed the PRISMA statement guidelines and checklist, resulting in 68 relevant articles that were carefully analyzed. The results show that the perception of safety is negatively affected by fear of traffic-related injuries, fear of falling related to infra-structure and infrastructure maintenance, and negative behavior of drivers. Regarding security, crime was the major concern of pedestrians and cyclists, either with emphasis on the person or on personal property. With regard to comfort, high levels of air and noise pollution, lack of vege-tation, bad weather conditions, slopes and long commuting distances negatively affected the users' perception. The results also suggest that poor lighting affects all domains, providing a negative perception of safety, security and comfort. Similarly, the presence of people is seen as negatively influencing the perception of safety and comfort, while the absence of people nega-tively impacts the perception of security. Therefore, the findings achieved by this study are key to assist in the definition of transport policies and infrastructure creation in large smart cities. Additionally, new transport policies are proposed and discussed.