Abstract

Abstract
An electronic business transaction among untrusted bodies without consulting a mutually trusted party has remained widely accepted problem. Blockchain resolves this problem by introducing peer-to-peer network with a consensus algorithm and trusted ledger. Blockchain originally introduced for cryptocurrency that came with proof-of-work consensus algorithm. Due to some performance issues, scientists brought concept of permissioned Blockchain. Hyperledger Fabric is a permissioned Blockchain targeting business-oriented problems for industry. It is designed for efficient transaction execution over Blockchain with pluggable consensus model; however, there is limitation of rapid application development. Hyperledger introduced a new layer called Hyperledger Composer on top of the Fabric layer, which provides an abstract layer to model the business application readily and quickly. Composer provides a smart contract to extend the functionality and flexibility of Fabric layer and provides a way of communication with other systems to meet business requirements. Hyperledger Composer uses role-based access control (RBAC) model to secure access to its valuable assets. However, RBAC is not enough because many business deals require continuous assets monitoring. Our proposed model, BlockU, covers all possible access control models required by a business. BlockU can monitor assets continuously during transactions and updates attributes accordingly. Moreover, we incorporate hooks in Hyperledger Composer to implement extended permission model that provides extensive permission management capability on an asset. Subsequently, our proposed enhanced access control model is implemented with a minimal change to existing Composer code base and is backward compatible with the current security mechanism. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Abstract
In rural destinations like Douro region, tourism activities may be important to territories’ development because they use some of their natural resources and endogenous products, develop another related local economy business, and contributes to population fixation. Technologies can support the promotion and distribution of these destinations, namely digital marketing tools. The present study aims to analyze the influence that some of these tools perceived usefulness, from the tourist point of view, have on a rural destination image. To accomplish this, it was used a sample of 555 tourists visiting Douro destination and data collected were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results demonstrated that tourist’s trust in tourism digital marketing tools and their attitude toward these tools have an indirect effect on destination image. Moreover, the perceived usefulness of some digital marketing tools utilized to search, plan or purchase Douro destination, as website, booking and mobile devices, has also a positive effect on this destination image. On another hand, the perceived usefulness of a conventional channel, as travel agencies, has a negative effect on this rural destination image. This research provided some interesting insights for practitioners working in tourism destination marketing. © 2020, The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Abstract
Of all the technologies born in the 20th century the software industry is the sole one that has kept a large dependency on human physical effort in order to produce the necessary code for an Information Technology system to perform. This paper analyses that evolution in view of today's state-of-the-art regarding automatic code generation based on model definitions for critical business purposes. The social, financial and technological benefits will be addressed as they are disruptive and will affect different levels of society as we know it. Several testimonies were also sought regarding the technology described herein and how it may affect us in our day-to-day lives. We conclude that the software industry is in the midst of a major revolution - which has arrived late in comparison to other industries related to technology and which have decreased the reliance on human labour some time ago.

Abstract