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Publicações

Publicações por Paulo José Costa

2016

2D Cloud Template Matching - A comparison between Iterative Closest Point and Perfect Match

Autores
Sobreira, H; Rocha, L; Costa, C; Lima, J; Costa, P; Paulo Moreira, AP;

Publicação
2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AUTONOMOUS ROBOT SYSTEMS AND COMPETITIONS (ICARSC 2016)

Abstract
Self-localization of mobile robots in the environment is one of the most fundamental problems in the robotics field. It is a complex and challenging problem due to the high requirements of autonomous mobile vehicles, particularly with regard to algorithms accuracy, robustness and computational efficiency. In this paper we present the comparison of two of the most used map-matching algorithm, which are the Iterative Closest Point and the Perfect Match. This category of algorithms are normally applied in localization based on natural landmarks. They were compared using an extensive collection of metrics, such as accuracy, computational efficiency, convergence speed, maximum admissible initialization error and robustness to outliers in the robots sensors data. The test results were performed in both simulated and real world environments.

2015

A Localization Method Based on Map-Matching and Particle Swarm Optimization

Autores
Pinto, AM; Moreira, AP; Costa, PG;

Publicação
JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & ROBOTIC SYSTEMS

Abstract
This paper presents a novel localization method for small mobile robots. The proposed technique is especially designed for the Robot@Factory, a new robotic competition which is started in Lisbon in 2011. The real-time localization technique resorts to low-cost infra-red sensors, a map-matching method and an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to create a pose tracking system that performs well. The sensor information is continuously updated in time and space according to the expected motion of the robot. Then, the information is incorporated into the map-matching optimization in order to increase the amount of sensor information that is available at each moment. In addition, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) relocates the robot when the map-matching error is high, meaning that the map-matching is unreliable and the robot gets lost. The experiments presented in this paper prove the ability and accuracy of the presented technique to locate small mobile robots for this competition. Extensive results show that the proposed method presents an interesting localization capability for robots equipped with a limited amount of sensors, but also less reliable sensors.

2015

Cable Robot for Non-Standard Architecture and Construction: a Dynamic Positioning System

Autores
Moreira, E; Pinto, AM; Costa, P; Paulo Moreira, AP; Veiga, G; Lima, J; Sousa, JP; Costa, P;

Publicação
2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY (ICIT)

Abstract
In the past few years, cable-driven robots have received some attention by the scientific community and the industry. They have special characteristics that made them very reliable to operate with the level of safeness that is required by different environments, such as, handling of hazardous materials in construction sites. This paper presents a cable-driven robot called SPIDERobot, that was developed for automated construction of architectural projects. This robot has a rotating claw and it is controlled by a set of 4 cables that allow 4 degrees of freedom. In addition to the robot, this paper introduces a Dynamic Control System (DCS) that controls the positioning of the robot and assures that the length of cables is always within a safe value. Results show that traditional force-feasible approaches are more influenced by the pulling forces or the geometric arrangement of all cables and their positioning is significantly less accurate than the DCS. Therefore, the architecture of the SPIDERobot is designed to enable an easily scaling up of the solution to higher dimensions for operating in realistic environments.

2015

Combining Gait Optimization with Passive System to Increase the Energy Efficiency of a Humanoid Robot Walking Movement

Autores
Pereira, AI; Lima, J; Costa, P;

Publicação
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS 2014 (ICNAAM-2014)

Abstract
There are several approaches to create the Humanoid robot gait planning. This problem presents a large number of unknown parameters that should be found to make the humanoid robot to walk. Optimization in simulation models can be used to find the gait based on several criteria such as energy minimization, acceleration, step length among the others. The energy consumption can also be reduced with elastic elements coupled to each joint. The presented paper addresses an optimization method, the Stretched Simulated Annealing, that runs in an accurate and stable simulation model to find the optimal gait combined with elastic elements. Final results demonstrate that optimization is a valid gait planning technique.

2015

DC Motors Modeling Resorting to a Simple Setup and Estimation Procedure

Autores
Goncalves, J; Lima, J; Costa, PG;

Publicação
CONTROLO'2014 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH PORTUGUESE CONFERENCE ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL

Abstract
This paper describes a procedure applied to model DC motors. An example of the procedure apply is shown for a 12V brushed DC motor, equipped with a 29:1 metal gearbox and an integrated quadrature encoder. It is described the developed setup applied to obtain the experimental data and the developed algorithm applied to estimate the actuator parameters. It was obtained an electro-mechanical dynamical model that describes the motor, its gear box and the encoder. The motivation to develop a simple and easy to assemble procedure that allows to model DC motors is due to the fact that these actuators are intensively used in mobile robotics, being realistic simulation, based in accurate sensor and actuator models, the key to speed up Robot Software developing time.

2015

Detecting Motion Patterns in Dense Flow Fields: Euclidean Versus Polar Space

Autores
Pinto, A; Costa, P; Moreira, AP;

Publicação
PROGRESS IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Abstract
This research studies motion segmentation based on dense optical flow fields for mobile robotic applications. The optical flow is usually represented in the Euclidean space however, finding the most suitable motion space is a relevant problem because techniques for motion analysis have distinct performances. Factors like the processing-time and the quality of the segmentation provide a quantitative evaluation of the clustering process. Therefore, this paper defines a methodology that evaluates and compares the advantage of clustering dense flow fields using different feature spaces, for instance, Euclidean and Polar space. The methodology resorts to conventional clustering techniques, Expectation-Maximization and K-means, as baseline methods. The experiments conducted during this paper proved that the K-means clustering is suitable for analyzing dense flow fields.

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