Abstract

This document is intended to present a benchmark of multiple good practices in the context of internationalization studies, particularly focused on digital electronics and programmable devices, yet is not limited to them. This paper will start with a comprehensive paper desk analysis together with an in-depth research process that should lead to the selection of innovative tools applied to digital systems. International initiatives are oriented towards increasing the quality of higher education by motivating teachers of STEM disciplines to use a multidisciplinary approach and teach with the massive support of technologies like Classroom, MS-Teams, Blackboard, etc. The central goal is to suggest and recommend a model for integrating intermediate and advanced digital electronics subjects (e.g., FPGA, microcontrollers, etc.) and ICT in international teaching approaches such as Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL), Project-based Learning (PBL) and Real Remote Labs (RRL). This is the approach sought by the European Project DECEL.

Abstract
Teaching the processes of designing digital electronic systems is becoming an increasingly challenging task. Design methodologies and tools have evolved to cope with the ever-growing complexity and density, raising the abstraction level of the source design far away from the logic circuit. However, it is of paramount importance that fresh students start by understanding the fundamental concepts of Boolean algebra, design, and optimization of combinational and sequential gatelevel circuits, before moving to higher abstract concepts and tools. For this, hands-on practice with simple real digital circuits is essential to understanding the essentials of the operation of digital circuits and how digital data is propagated and transformed from block to block. In this paper we present a distributed infrastructure based on the network protocol MQTT to support the deployment of distributed digital systems built with parts located in different physical locations. Thus, promoting the implementation of collaborative online learning/teaching activities will be one of our main goals. Experimental results show latencies between remote sites in the range of a few tens of milliseconds, which is acceptable for running simple digital systems at low speeds, which is necessary for being perceived and understanded by people.

Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide, with survivors often facing significant challenges in regaining upper-limb functionality. In response, robotic rehabilitation systems have emerged as promising tools to enhance post-stroke recovery by delivering precise, adaptable, and patient-specific therapy. This paper presents a review of robotic interfaces developed specifically for upper-limb rehabilitation. It analyses existing exoskeleton- and end-effector-based systems, with respect to three core design pillars: assistance types, control philosophies, and actuation methods. The review highlights that most solutions favor electrically actuated exoskeletons, which use impedance- or electromyography-driven control, with active assistance being the predominant rehabilitation mode. Resistance-providing systems remain underutilized. Furthermore, no hybrid approaches featuring the combination of robotic manipulators with actuated interfaces were found. This paper also identifies a recent trend towards lightweight, modular, and portable solutions and discusses the challenges in bridging research prototypes with clinical adoption. By focusing exclusively on upper-limb applications, this work provides a targeted reference for researchers and engineers developing next-generation rehabilitation technologies.