Abstract
Information visualization commonly aids the understanding of the evolution of spatiotemporal phenomena. The current work proposes a novel approach to visually represent spatiotemporal phenomena based on the automated generation of static and interactive visual narratives that summarize the evolution of a spatiotemporal phenomenon. The visual narrative is composed of an interactive storyboard that consists of a set of frames that represent events of interest in the phenomenon. Towards corroborating the hypothesis that this approach would effectively and efficiently transmit the evolution of spatiotemporal phenomena, we conceptualized a visualization framework, identifying visual metaphors that map spatiotemporal transformations into visual content and defining the parameterization approaches for spatiotemporal features. We developed a functional prototype implementing the conceptual solution and presented issues encountered regarding visual clutter and parameterization. We conducted a user study based on a questionnaire which concluded that the proposed approach can be effective and efficient for understanding the evolution of these phenomena in terms of transformations for a subset of possible scenarios.

Abstract
Software documentation is an important part of the captured knowledge of a software project and documentation patterns have often been used as a systematic way to describe good practices on software documentation. Still, many software teams are challenged by what to document, how to keep the documentation consistent and how to make their consumers aware of the relevant documents. A literature review was done over 14 publications and identified 16 quality attributes and 114 patterns about software documentation. This knowledge was analysed and classified and led to the proposal of new categories and relationships between the existing patterns. These are depicted as a new pattern map that provides a new perspective of documentation patterns and can be used to guide teams in adopting software documentation practices. © 2020 Owner/Author.

Abstract

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Abstract
Evermore end-to-end digital services depend on the proper interoperation of multiple products, forming a distributed system, often subject to timing requirements. To ensure interoperability and the timely behavior of such systems, it is important to conduct integration tests that verify the interactions with the environment and between the system components in key scenarios. The automation of such integration tests requires that test components are also distributed, with local testers deployed close to the system components, coordinated by a central tester. Test coordination in such a test architecture is a big challenge. To address it, in this article we propose an approach based on the pre-processing of the test scenarios. We first analyze the test scenarios in order to check if conformance errors can be detected locally (local observability) and test inputs can be decided locally (local controllability) by the local testers for the test scenario under consideration, without the need for exchanging coordination messages between the test components during test execution. If such properties do not hold, we next try to determine a minimum set of coordination messages or time constraints to be attached to the given test scenario to enforce those properties and effectively solve the test coordination problem with minimal overhead. The analysis and enforcement procedures were implemented in the DCO Analyzer tool for test scenarios described by means of UML sequence diagrams. Since many local observability and controllability problems may be caused by design flaws or incomplete specifications, and multiple ways may exist to enforce local observability and controllability, the tool was designed as a static analysis assistant to be used before test execution. DCO Analyzer was able to correctly identify local observability and controllability problems in real-world scenarios and help the users fix the detected problems.

Abstract
Application execution required in cloud and fog architectures are generally heterogeneous in terms of device and application contexts. Scaling these requirements on these architectures is an optimization problem with multiple restrictions. Despite countless efforts, task scheduling in these architectures continue to present some enticing challenges that lead us to question how tasks are routed between different physical devices, fog nodes and cloud. In fog, due to its density and heterogeneity of devices, the scheduling is very complex and, in the literature, there are still few studies that have been conducted. However, scheduling in the cloud has been widely studied. Nonetheless, many surveys address this issue from the perspective of service providers or optimize application quality of service (QoS) levels. Also, they ignore contextual information at the level of the device and end users and their user experiences. In this paper, we conducted a review of the literature on the main task scheduling algorithms in cloud and fog architecture; we studied and discussed their limitations, and we also explored and suggested some perspectives for improvement.