Abstract

Abstract
In this paper, a multi-temporal optimal power flow (OPF) model for radial networks is proposed. The mathematical problem formulation is presented as a mixed-integer quadratically constrained programming (MIQCP) problem. The main core of the developed OPF problem is benefiting from the second-order conic programming (SOCP) approach while the quadratic constraints of the power flow equations have been efficiently handled. In the developed model, the dynamic behaviour of the electrical energy storage (EES) has been addressed for the day-ahead operation problem. In addition, the developed model is tested and verified for both normal and contingent events and the obtained results are satisfactory in terms of feasibility and optimality. In the islanded operation, a grid-forming unit is the main responsible for maintaining the voltage reference while other units behave as slave. The model is tested on the modified IEEE 33-bus network to verify the performance of the developed tool. © 2022 IEEE.

Abstract

Abstract
Protection and control systems represent an essential part of distribution networks, ensuring the physical integrity of components and improving system reliability. Protection devices isolate a portion of the network affected by a fault, while control devices reduce the number of de-energized loads by transferring loads to neighboring feeders. The integration of distributed generation has the potential to improve the continuity of energy services through islanding operation during outage conditions. In this context, this paper presents a multi-objective optimization approach for the size and allocation of protection and control devices in distribution networks with microgrids supplied by renewable energy sources. Reclosers, fuses, remote-controlled switches, and directional relays are considered in the formulation. The demand and generation uncertainties define the islanding operation and the load transfer possibilities. A genetic algorithm is presented to solve the allocation problem. The compromise programming is performed to choose the best solution from the Pareto front. Results show interesting setups for the protection system and viability of islanding operation.

Abstract

Abstract
Traditional models of power systems are undergoing a restructuring process, stimulated by the growing deployment of renewable energy sources, making them more decentralized and progressively increasing the focus on the consumer. New arrangements are being explored, allowing consumers to play a more active role in energy systems, highlighting the concept of consumer-centric markets. This work presents an optimization model that considers the insertion of the battery energy storage system (BESS) in the concept of community energy markets. This model aims to increase the community income and includes the degradation of BESS, also evaluating different arrangements of BESS in the community markets. In the investigated scenarios, discussions about the feasibility of inserting BESS through the analysis of social welfare (SW) and fairness indicators were carried out. With the results, it was possible to observe that there are structures that are more advantageous from the perspective of the communities and others from the perspective of the members of the communities, bringing some insights into the different impacts of a BESS in an energy community.