Abstract
Having in mind the inner value of the Zachman Framework for Enterprise Architecture itself this paper explores the introduction of the time perspective into the framework by using GRAI-grid decision centres concept The introduction to both these concepts paves the way to their combination in following paragraphs illustrating the Zachman / GRAI-grid conceptual integration for the analysis of a network of enterprises, finally illustrated with a case study.

Abstract
In the global market, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) face increasing competition from large corporations for the control of the more profitable business areas. These corporations compensate for their lower agility and flexibility with easier access to information, resources and economies of scale. The virtual enterprise model of a business organization is thus often seen as one of the best strategic moves for SMEs to achieve a global reach without compromising their independence. This emerging business paradigm certainly brings new challenges to many areas of the enterprise, one of which is the quality assurance of external processes and contracted products and services. This paper introduces and discusses the issue of quality assurance within the scope of virtual and networked enterprises, and presents a novel methodology for the integration of quality management into enterprise modelling and for quality certification of the virtual enterprise. This is especially important because quality certification is becoming mandatory in nearly all markets and the well-established certification methods do not cover all the aspects of the virtual enterprise. ISO 9001:2000, the most widely used quality management system standard in the world, is presented as an interesting starting point for virtual enterprise quality management system implementation and certification. Further requirements include broadening the scope of the quality management system to include the whole enterprise life cycle, i.e. from its creation to decommission. Current auditing procedures will have to be adapted to this new business environment and, to meet such a requirement, a continuous real-time third-party auditing mechanism-fully integrated into the virtual enterprise--model is proposed. A pilot/simulator, implemented in a small virtual enterprise, in the occupational safety and health-care business, is used to illustrate the new environment as well as the novel requirements that quality systems will have to meet in the future.

Abstract
Internet and information technologies have changed the way people interact and make business all over the world. Unfortunately, this is not completely true in the sense that the fast progress fostered by more dynamic economies has in fact been contributing to widening the so-called digital divide between rich and poor. This is a particularly true for small and medium enterprises in remote communities that face a number of obstacles and difficulties due to their family business structure, limited access to information and communication infrastructure. This paper presents a P2P infrastructure for a distributed e-Marketplace that aims at bringing together tourism operators, players of crafts and agro-eco-cultural tourism sectors living in remote communities, in order to provide them the opportunity to join, at a reduced cost, to the information society and reach new markets.

Abstract
Existing e-marketplaces, built on traditional client-server architectures, severely restrict the scope and dynamics of Business-to-Business (B2B) interactions. Peer-to-peer (P2P) architectures will provide far more decentralized infrastructures, while allowing a much wider range of business patterns to take place. On one hand, the interaction over a P2P network resembles the way real-world enterprises perform business with each other. On the other hand, a small set of simple services is enough to support complex business processes over a P2P infrastructure. Incidentally, most of the required technology is readily available, although it may be necessary to bring in an appropriate integration of different concepts. The paper discusses the implementation of essential services for P2P e-marketplaces, based on one of the leading P2P platforms, and illustrates its benefits by applying the P2P approach to a vendor of industrial equipment.

Abstract
Every time a workflow solution is conceived there is a large amount of functionality that is eventually reinvented and redeveloped from scratch. Workflow management systems from academia to the commercial arena exhibit a myriad of approaches having as much in common as in contrast with each other. Efforts in standardizing a workflow reference model and the gradual endorsement of those standards have also not precluded developers from designing workflow systems tailored to specific user needs. This article is written in the belief that an appropriate set of common workflow functionality can be abstracted and reused in forthcoming systems or embedded in applications intended to become workflow-enabled. Specific requirements and a prototype implementation of such functionality, named Workflow Kernel, are discussed.

Abstract
Existing e-marketplaces, built on traditional client-server architectures, severely restrict the scope and dynamics of B2B interactions. Peer-to-peer (P2P) architectures will provide far more decentralised infrastructures, white allowing a much wider range of business patterns to take place. The purpose of this paper is twofold: (1) to argue that interaction over a P2P network better resembles the way enterprises perform business with each other, and (2) to point out a set of essential services required it) make P2P infrastructures fit for B2B exchanges. An overview of those services is presented, based on one of the leading P2P platforms (JXTA).