Abstract
Unified Communications (UC) have the potential to dramatically simplify and improve enterprise communications, reducing costs and improving revenue opportunities. This paper proposes an architecture of three layers for a UC solution based on open source technologies and open standards. The Infrastructure layer is responsible for the physical IP infrastructure network, the Server Hardware and Operating System layer includes the back-end operating system and server services that can be used by the UC platform and the Business Applications layer integrates the UC with other external applications. Finally, the paper presents the major benefits of UC solutions, giving a special emphasis to the benefits derived for the use of a standards-based I P communications.

Abstract

Abstract
Unified communications (UC) have the potential to dramatically simplify and improve enterprise communications, reducing costs and improving revenue opportunities. By integrating various forms of communications, such as voice, video, instant messaging, conferencing, presence and voicemail, individuals and groups can more effectively control and manage their inbound and outbound communications sessions. However, Large Enterprises (LE) and Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have a diverse perspective look of UC and different needs. In this paper we will analyze the reasons that motivate the business leaders to introduce unified communications and we will study with detail the large enterprises and SMEs approach for the implementation of a unified communications solution. © 2009 IADIS.

Abstract
Unified Communications (UC) have the potential to dramatically simplify and improve enterprise communications, reducing costs and improving revenue opportunities. However, these benefits do not come without risks. The introduction of an IP-based UC solution brings an array of new vulnerabilities into the enterprise, exploited by a growing number of malicious programs. This paper presents the most common of risks faced by the major dominant technologies used in unified communications solutions and an approach to mitigate them.

Abstract
In the last two decades, there has been a noticeable increase in published research on evolutionary economics. The general perception is that formalization lags behind appreciative work. Notwithstanding, this general reading has yet to be supported by real data analysis. This work presents a survey on evolutionary economics, aimed at exploring the main research paths and contributions using bibliometric methods. The documentation is based on an extensive review of the abstracts from articles published in all economic journals over the past 50 years gathered from the Econlit database. Evolutionary contributions have apparently not converged to an integrated approach. Two rather extreme main research strands emerged: 'History of Economic Thought and Methodology' and 'Games'. Whereas formal approaches have a reasonable and increasing share of published papers, purely empirical-related works are relatively scarce, representing a meagre and stagnant percentage of published works. This highlights the need to redirect the evolutionary research agenda.

Abstract
Entrepreneurial activities are seen as key drivers of innovation, job creation, and economic growth. Recent efforts are being pursued by several entities, including governments to promote entrepreneurial skills amongst the youngest. However, to design effective programs, policy makers have to uncover the determinants of entrepreneurship. To avoid that such efforts would be fruitless we argue that a multidisciplinary account of entrepreneurial intents among students is mandatory, circumventing past biased analysis towards business and engineering areas. Thus, in this paper we present the results of a survey to all final year university students of the largest Portuguese university. It encompasses a sample of 2430 students enrolled in 60 different courses of 14 schools/faculties. Results evidence that the average entrepreneurial intents reaches a reasonable (by international standards) figure of 27%, with students enrolled in non-traditionally entrepreneurial focused areas Humanities, Sports, Health and Sciences - and courses - Pharmacy, Veterinary, Law, Languages, History, History of the Arts and Archaeology, Sports, Biology and Chemistry, Dentistry - revealing higher entrepreneurial intents. Based on logit estimations, we further found that psychological factors, such as risk propensity, leadership profile, and creativeness, are the most important (positive) determinants of students' entrepreneurial intents. Contextual factors (e.g., family background and professional experience) failed to emerge as critical factors in explaining students' entrepreneurial intents - only business context emerged as important. Despite such results might at a first glance convey the idea that education policy for promoting entrepreneurship has limited application, we argue that it is not the case. What is required is different policy measures targeting students' attitudes and behaviors in both business and non business areas, avoiding the long-established mistake of confining entrepreneurial education related programs in business schools.