Abstract
This study aims to explore the impact of seven dimensions of local communities’ involvement in the context of the sustainable open innovation paradigm on entrepreneurial performance considering a tri-dimensional perspective comprising turnover, innovation capacity (IC), and employability. A quantitative methodology was adopted, applying correlational analysis and hypothesis testing to a total of 296 new ventures based in European science parks. The findings indicate that only the entrepreneurial capacity of new ventures has improved, but not turnover and employment. Also, only years of experience in open innovation networks contribute to increasing the performance of entrepreneurs in their IC, but age and gender are not significant factors. This study broadens the scope of sustainable open innovation by positioning local communities as central actors rather than peripheral stakeholders. It enriches key theoretical frameworks such as Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and social capital theory by emphasizing community-driven innovation. Practically, it offers actionable strategies for engaging communities and guiding policymakers toward inclusive innovation policies, thereby contributing to both academic discourse and real-world impact in sustainability and innovation ecosystems.

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PurposeThis study explores the role of ports in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), focusing on the interconnection between key SDGs. It aims to characterize how port sustainability initiatives address multiple SDGs to increase their impact.Design/methodology/approachIt examines through mixed methods research how ports align their development projects with these SDGs, analyzing the policy implications of integrating economic, environmental, and social objectives. It considers 401 projects from the World Ports Sustainability Program (WPSP).FindingsThe findings indicate the most achieved SDGs and reveal six common themes that ports follow to address multiple SDGs. These characteristics include environmental sustainability, energy transition, social inclusion, digitalization, governance and ethical practices, and innovation and collaboration.Originality/valueThis study brings original contributions on the SDGs addressed by ports, considering not only the individual SDGs addressed by the sustainability initiatives promoted by ports, but also the joint effects of addressing multiple SDGs. This study also emphasizes the need for supporting these initiatives in international collaboration, green technologies, and climate resilience.

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This study investigates metropolitan-level initiatives in the Porto Metropolitan Area, located in northern Portugal, aimed at fostering healthy and sustainable communities. It maps 41 ongoing municipal projects and analyzes their key thematic areas. In addition to identifying focus areas, the study explores the governance models behind these initiatives, with particular attention to citizen participation and intersectoral coordination. It also examines how local authorities mobilize resources and implement policies, while assessing the integration of Sustainable Development Goals 3 and 11 (SDGs 3 and 11). Employing a qualitative approach through a thematic analysis, and using a comparative framework analysis, this study identifies strong thematic convergence around civic participation, social inclusion, well-being, and environmental sustainability. These elements emerge as key pillars of sustainable development, supporting systemic action across all levels. Citizen participation proves to be a strategic governance tool, requiring structured mechanisms like participatory budgeting. The study also highlights the role of stakeholders, especially schools and companies, in scaling good practices and stresses inclusive policies to reach vulnerable groups. It concludes by advocating for collaborative local governance capable of effectively coordinating diverse actors and promoting equitable, sustainable outcomes.

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This paper aims to characterise the relevance of sustainability practices in the context of software companies that adopt the Scrum methodology. In the first phase, a multidimensional framework for software sustainability was built, based on the individual, technical, environmental, and social dimensions. Subsequently, a quantitative study was carried out using a survey answered by 397 Scrum professionals working in software companies registered in Portugal. The results reveal significant asymmetries in the implementation of sustainable practices, in which micro companies experience the greatest difficulties in their implementation. The findings also indicate that the practices most adopted by organisations are in the technical and individual dimensions, where a proactive level of maturity is evident. On the other hand, environmental and social practices are still poorly implemented and appear mainly at a reactive level due to the needs of the projects or their teams. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

Abstract
This chapter explores the critical role of derivatives in optimizing cost functions and driving the backpropagation algorithm in neural networks, emphasizing their applications in the education field. The study examines the use of derivatives in personalized learning systems, particularly within the Khan Academy platform, and evaluates their impact on scalability, bias, and efficiency. Five research questions guide the analysis, ranging from environmental impact to fairness in AI- driven education. Employing methods like Experimental Performance Evaluation and Comparative Analysis, the study offers both technical insights and ethical considerations. While derivatives enable precise optimization, the chapter highlights how they can unintentionally reinforce biases in training data, raising critical concerns about fairness and representation in educational technologies. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.