Abstract
Nowadays the production systems are linear and the consumption patterns are essentially based on products with a short life cycle, which contribute to increase the demand for raw materials and environmental impacts. The Circular Economy (CE) is playing a major role among scholars and practitioners. Many aspects are now defining this new trending paradigm such as the roles of product development, transformation and remanufacturing/recycling, and/or management of waste, ensuring the economic and environmental benefits. The increasing demand causes instability of the prices and markets, and there is also the risk of supply rupture. This is very unsustainable and puts at risk countries' development. In this work we analyze and assess some EU critical raw material (CRM), considering existing global reserves and production. Correlation between several parameters was also analyzed. Under this assumption one scenario was considered to assess the depletion of two CRM. China is the main supplier in 15 out of 25 CRM considered in this analysis and its average percentage is 65%. Phosphate rock presents the highest value and antimony the lowest for depletion indicator. It was possible to conclude that no significant correlation was found between depletion, self-sufficiency and economic importance indicators. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Abstract
Various companies choose to outsource the delivery of part of their services, so as not to deviate from its core business and improve the service level. This approach leads to a new type of organizations, so-called networked and virtual enterprises, where possibly a great number of companies work together without having direct contact but through a broker, as an intermediary, that streamlines the relationships between them. To enable high level efficiency, as well as some other functional requirements, the meta-organizations and brokering services are conceived as environments and services for networked and virtual enterprises operation and dynamic reconfigurations, representing a model of organizations-of-organizations, as an implementation of one of the Industry 4.0 models and ecosystem for networked and virtual enterprises dynamic reconfiguration. In this paper, the meta-organizations with embedded brokering services, modelled as call centres, are analyzed. Various simulations are presented, based on Erlangs formulas for some of design and performance measures parameters evaluation, such as service level, average waiting time, agent occupancy and service traffic intensity.

Abstract
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Europe are conscious that their competitive position depends on their success to embrace digitalisation challenges. However, some decision-makers in companies discard digital transformation because they do not understand how it can be incorporated into their businesses. Therefore, academia, research centres, and technological clusters are responsible for building the infrastructures and providing the support and the training that will progressively change this mindset. This paper aims to report an experience on designing a training program to train the trainers under the digital transformation topic. To define strategies to understand better the companies (and professionals) needs and motivations and the requisites to deliver the training course, the focus group methodology was applied. In this paper, we present a training program methodology and structure that intend to respond to industrial requests and, in this way to accelerate the digital transformation of companies, especially SMEs.

Abstract
In the current Industry 4 [...]

Abstract
This paper presents a Cyber Physical System (CPS) laboratory based on Open Design, called Open Science Laboratory for Manufacturing (OSLab4Man), with educational and research purpose and the potential contribute and (direct and indirect) effects regarding the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). A short introduction describing the 17 SDG, the education for sustainability role, and the relevance of the framed CPS. A literature review of CPS laboratories that are addressed to sustainability is presented. The OSLab4Man is describe in the educational purpose lens. Then, the contribute of the OSLab4Man as an education tool for sustainability regarding the 17 SDGs is reflected. Finally, the conclusions of this work and future works are highlighted.

Abstract
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are fundamental in Industry 4.0 and manufacturing research communities, and research and technologies organizations (RTO) are keen to implement CPS laboratories. Due to the strong investment in these laboratories, it is unfordable the investment in CPS laboratories. This paper proposes a CPS architecture based on Open Design (an open-source approach for hardware and software), and the implementation of the laboratory created as an open-source and truly low-cost solution, designated as Open Science Lab for Manufacturing (OSLab4Man), addressing the reproducibility and replicability (R&R) practices for manufacturing research laboratories. An open-source and truly low-cost solution of the OSLab4Man and the bill of materials (BOM) of the physical components and some alternative components open-source and/or low-cost is presented, that enables a ubiquitous manufacturing system.