Abstract
Digitalization is undoubtedly a major challenge for companies in the coming years. Applying a Design Science methodology this paper aims to describe the process for the development of a solution for obtaining an overview of the Digital Maturity in the manufacturing industry of the region of Tamega e Sousa (an industrial region located in the north of Portugal). The evaluation process consisted of a sample of 53 companies that allowed to get a first picture of the region. Summing up, it is possible to say that a digital strategy is in the companies' plans with a focus on processes digitalization. In general, an overall digital strategy for the companies is in line with the marketing and human resources, in a middle position, with a few companies taking the lead, the majority following, and some others still now awakening to this reality.

Abstract
In the field of immersive learning, instructors often find it challenging to match their pedagogical approaches and content knowledge with specific technologies. Unfortunately, this usually results in either a lack of technology use or inappropriate use of some technologies. Teachers and trainers wishing to use immersive learning environments face a diversity of technological and pedagogical alternatives. To scaffold educators in their planning of immersive learning educational activities, we devised a recommendation tool, which maps educational context variables to the dimensions of immersion and uses educators' contexts to identify the closest educational uses. Sample educational activities for those uses are then presented, for various types of educational methodologies. Educators can use these samples to plan their educational activities in line with their current resources or to innovate by pursuing entirely different approaches.

Abstract
With the increasing use of air transport (cargo and passengers), the evolution of safety standards to an increasingly demanding level, markets have seen the development of business structures and strategies in the sector. Since 2009, revenues in the sector have been increasing, but it is necessary to optimize the operations that compose it. One of the critical areas is the management of maintenance schedules and consequently the stock management. In addition, the increase in e-commerce has led to cargoes having increasingly diverse specificity, value, and levels of urgency of delivery. The requirement for reliable and timely service is considered to be the main requirement and is matched by the price requirement. The high cost of stopping a plane outweighs the cost of transporting the required part, overriding the requirements of time and reliability, particularly in Aircraft on Ground (AOG) shipments. It has found that one of the problems is the small size of a large percentage of the components being transported. This feature encourages losses during transport and is blamed on various intermediaries in the supply chain. The need to track and trace product in real time is therefore crucial, particularly with the current demands of e-commerce customers. In this sense, the opportunity arose to the development of a package for the transport of small items allowing their traceability and monitoring. Through a questionnaire addressed to elements that intervene directly in the management of AOG shipments, 100% of respondents affirm that the use of an easy-to-identify box would avoid delays or losses and 91.7% of respondents affirm that a GPS device would improve the level of service.

Abstract
Background: E-commerce has emerged as a good response to the pandemic of COVID-19. However, the costs of providing a service, which includes a driver and a vehicle, in a regular vehicle that can transport goods that need positive cold (0 & DEG; to 5 & DEG;C) are very high. Objectives: This paper aims to investigate how a big Portuguese retailer company can reduce its dependence on refrigerated vehicles, simplifying operations and reducing the costs of transporting positive and negative cold food. Methods/Approach: This research was carried out in a food retailer Portuguese company, more precisely in a Dark Store dedicated to the online channel. The study was developed based on the AS-IS/TO-BE process analysis methodology, starting with the analysis of the current situation, giving rise to the so-called AS-IS model. Results: It was possible to reduce costs associated with transporting positive cold goods. As a result, there are 30% fewer costs associated with order transportation. With an additional 10% in space optimization with the gain of space within the galley of each vehicle. Conclusions: The costs of transporting positive and negative cold foods were decreased, and substituting vehicles with room temperature transport reduced the need for refrigerated vehicles.

Abstract
Forecasting has always been at the forefront of decision making and planning. The uncertainty that surrounds the future is both exciting and challenging, with individuals and organisations seeking to minimise risks and maximise utilities. The large number of forecasting applications calls for a diverse set of forecasting methods to tackle real-life challenges. This article provides a non-systematic review of the theory and the practice of forecasting. We provide an overview of a wide range of theoretical, state-of-the-art models, methods, principles, and approaches to prepare, produce, organise, and evaluate forecasts. We then demonstrate how such theoretical concepts are applied in a variety of real-life contexts. We do not claim that this review is an exhaustive list of methods and applications. However, we wish that our encyclopedic presentation will offer a point of reference for the rich work that has been undertaken over the last decades, with some key insights for the future of forecasting theory and practice. Given its encyclopedic nature, the intended mode of reading is non-linear. We offer cross-references to allow the readers to navigate through the various topics. We complement the theoretical concepts and applications covered by large lists of free or open-source software implementations and publicly-available databases. (C) 2021 The Author( s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Institute of Forecasters.

Abstract
The magnitude of the subprime crisis effects caused recessions in several economies, giving rise to the global financial crisis. The scale of this major shock and the different recovery profiles of European economies motivated this paper. The main objective is to look for evidence of contagion between the North American financial market (S&P500) and the financial markets of Portugal (PSI20), Spain (IBEX35), Greece (ATHEX) and Italy (FTSEMIB), in the South of Europe, and the financial markets of Sweden (OMXS30), Denmark (OMX2C0), Finland (OMXH25) and Norway (OsloOBX), in the North of Europe. Considering the period from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2013, the ARMA-GARCH models were estimated to remove the autoregressive and conditional heteroscedastic effects from the time series of the daily returns. Then, the copula models were used to estimate the dependence relationships between the European stock indexes and the North American stock index, from the pre -crisis subperiod to the crisis subperiod. The results indicate financial contagion of the subprime crisis for all analyzed European countries. The North European markets intensified the relations of financial integration (both in negative and positive shocks) with the North American market, apart from the Danish against the Portuguese. In addition to the contribution made by the joint application of the ARMA-GARCH models, the findings are useful to identify channels of financial contagion between markets and to warn about the effects of possible new crisis, which will require different levels of adaptation by the companies' financial managers and intervention by the authorities.