Abstract
The European Union (EU) energy strategy towards decarbonization led EU countries to elaborate their corresponding National Energy and Climate Plans (NECP) for the period 2021 to 2030. This paper analyzes the Portuguese and Spanish NECPs concerning their power systems. CEVESA, a model for the long-term planning and operation of the Iberian electricity system, is used. The analysis is based on simulating the reference NECP scenario, as well as other alternative scenarios with different solar and wind generation shares, CO2 prices and fuel costs. Results provide insights on the MIBEL electricity market evolution under the current decarbonization national strategies. © 2020 IEEE.

Abstract
The green hydrogen (H-2) technology has an important role to play in the European Union energy strategy towards decarbonization. Apart from traditional H-2 industrial usages, there is an increasing attention to its use in the heavy transport sector, in other energy-intensive industries, and in heating applications. Green H-2 production is planned to be based on renewable electricity generation and its production at an industrial scale may have a significant impact on the electricity markets. This research assesses the electricity cost of producing H-2 and its impact on the Iberian electricity market. Different evolution scenarios including a partially flexible H-2 demand, based on the Spanish and Portuguese energy and climate plans, have been considered for this assessment.

Abstract
Fundamental electricity market models tend to underestimate the real market prices because they do not properly represent the real variable production cost of the generation units, nor the strategic markup that generation companies add to their costs to price the offered energy. This markup can increase bid prices above the marginal cost of the generation units, which may leave bids out of the market, decreasing the total cleared production, but increasing the final market price. This paper proposes a simple procedure, based on the real market outcomes, to estimate these markups and improve CEVESA MIBEL market model by reducing the gap between the simulated and the real market prices.

Abstract
This paper presents a new hybridization approach to improve CEVESA, a multi-zonal hydro-thermal equilibrium model for the joint dispatch of energy and secondary reserve capacity for the Iberian Electricity Market (MIBEL). Like similar fundamental models, CEVESA provides market prices that typically show an average systematic bias compared to real market prices. This is because these models do not always capture the true variable production costs of the generation units or the additional markups that generation companies may include in their pricing strategy. Based on real market outcomes, this paper proposes a new methodology built on a previous hybridization approach that estimated a constant monthly markup per thermal offering unit [1]. This new methodology is based on a functional estimation of the offering unit cost (or bidding price), using as input the initial CEVESA production costs based on the fuel and emissions commodities' prices, correcting the power plants' markup.

Abstract
This research examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Ukraine-Russia conflict on Portugal and Spain's national energy and climate plans. Both countries have updated their plans in response to these events, emphasizing energy efficiency, renewable energy investment, and circular economy principles. Portugal focused on addressing energy poverty and digitalization, while Spain accelerated its energy transition to align with the European Green Deal. Additionally, the Ukraine-Russia conflict prompted measures to enhance energy security and NECPs in both countries. Through a semi-systematic literature review spanning 2020-2023, our study analyzes how these global events shaped national energy and climate plans. The case studies of Portugal and Spain highlight the importance of flexibility and resilience in crafting sustainable energy strategies during such a complex crisis.

Abstract
In the context of the R3EA project, funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), we analyse a set of selected future power system scenarios to assess the impact, on the Iberian electricity market (MIBEL), of installing wind and solar generation capacity in Portugal's Centro Region. We use the long-term MIBEL operation and planning model CEVESA. The scenarios are designed based on the current economic situation and the last National Energy and Climate Plan drafts for Portugal and Spain, by distributing the expected new wind and solar generation capacity differently among Portugal regions, also considering the flexible demand for producing electrolytic hydrogen. Market prices, capture prices and production per technology are analysed to assess this impact. Results show that regional investments have no significant impact on the MIBEL variables analysed.