Abstract
This paper focuses on the comprehensive modeling, simulation and experimental validation for a photovoltaic system formed by monocrystalline solar modules. The performance of the equivalent circuit model for a solar cell is validated by data measured parameters of photovoltaic modules. Also, this paper brings a novel iterative procedure to find the value of diode ideality factor, series and equivalent shunt resistances.

Abstract
In the future smart grid the consumer will play an important contribution to the quality of the electricity transmission and delivery and to the reduction of the grid carbon dioxide emissions, by applying a conscious behaviour to their energy consumption. But, to be able to accomplish that, the consumers need to know and control their activity so they can act upon the available information. Several works have been done to study and create different technologies for home automation and energy management, but few works exist to study the actual implementation and installation procedures of such technologies and the creation of kits and templates. Hence, this paper provides novel field trials in home automation and energy management with open source solutions and the resulting analyses, offering a template for a universal kit creation. The kit modules installation configurations, their pros and cons, minimum hardware and conditions that must be taken into consideration for adequate implementation, are provided.

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In this paper, islanding in a distributed generation (DG) based hybrid system is presented based on extracted features of wavelet transform (WT), S-transform (ST), Hyperbolic S-transform (HST) and TT-Transform. The hybrid system comprises of DG resources like photovoltaic (PV), fuel cell (FC) and wind energy systems (WES) connected to the grid. The negative sequence component of the voltage signal extracted at the point of common coupling (PCC) is considered for detection of islanding of these resources from the grid. The study for different scenarios of DG system is presented in the form of time-frequency analysis. The energy content and standard deviation (STD) of HST contour is also reported in order to validate the graphical results. The results demonstrate the advantages of HS-transform, TT-Transform over wavelet transform and S-transform in detection of islanding events under noise-free as well as noisy scenarios.

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