Abstract
A coordinated strategy between wind and reversible hydro units for the midterm planning that reduces the imbalance of wind power and improves system efficiency is proposed. A stochastic mixed integer linear model is used, which maximizes the joint profit of wind and hydro units, where conditional value at risk (CVaR) is used for model risk. The offering strategies studied are 1) separate wind and hydro pumping offer, where the units work separately without a physical connection and 2) a single wind and hydro pumping offer with a physical connection between them to store wind energy for future use. The effects of a coordinated wind-hydro strategy for midterm planning are analyzed, considering CVaR and the future water value. The future water value in the reservoirs is analyzed hourly for a period of 1 week and 2 months, in two realistic case studies.

Abstract
In this paper, a novel modulation function-based method including analyses of the modulation index and phase is proposed for operation of modular multilevel converters (MMCs) in high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems. The proposed modulation function-based control technique is developed based on thorough and precise analyses of all MMC voltages and currents in the a-b-c reference frame in which the alternating current (AC)-side voltage is the first target to be obtained. Using the AC-side voltage, the combination of the MMC upper and lower arm voltages is achieved as the main structure of the proposed modulation function. The main contribution of this paper is to obtain two very simple new modulation functions to control MMC performance in different operating conditions. The features of the modulation function-based control technique are as follows: (1) this control technique is very simple and can be easily achieved in a-b-c reference frame without the need of using Park transformation; and (2) in addition, the inherent properties of the MMC model are considered in the proposed control technique. Considering these properties leads to constructing a control technique that is robust against MMC parameters changes and also is a very good tracking method for the components of MMC input currents. These features lead to improving the operation of MMC significantly, which can act as a rectifier in the HVDC structure. The simulation studies are conducted through MATLAB/SIMULINK software, and the results obtained verify the effectiveness of the proposed modulation function-based control technique.

Abstract
In this paper the role of Plug-In Electric Vehicles' (PIEVs) parking lot in operating Smart Multi-Energy System (SMES) has been investigated. SMES in this paper has been modeled as a multi-input multi-output model which consists of some storage and energy converters. In the proposed framework, the PIEV's parking lot behaves like an energy storage with selling energy price less than upstream network price and as manageable load when its purchase price is more than upstream network. On the other hand, traffic pattern of PIEVs in parking lot has an uncertain behavior and is modeled based on stochastic approach. In the stochastic model, two branches of scenarios for total state of charge and total capacity of parking lot in each hour are produced. The considered case studies show the effectiveness of the proposed model and the impact of PIEVs' parking lot in operation of SMES elements.

Abstract
In this paper, a new concept of serving flexible reliability (FR) is introduced in distribution network level. FR is defined as the ability of a grid to continue servicing the high priority customers in contingency states. Customers' priority is recognized based on their value of service reliability. Regarding this matter, the philosophy of designing a hybrid AC-DC microgrid is introduced with the ability of offering an alternative resource for each individual customer in contingency states. The analytical modeling of FR analysis besides the overall reliability analysis is proposed, and the new FR index of expected energy retrieved (EER) is introduced. The performance of the proposed hybrid microgrid in serving FR is demonstrated through a numerical study on modified distribution network for Bus-4 of Roy Billinton Test System (RBTS).

Abstract
This paper introduces a control strategy for the assessment of SAPF (shunt active power filters) role in the electrical power networks. The proposed control scheme is based on the Lyapunov control theory and defines a stable operating region for the interfaced converter during the integration time with the utility grid. The compensation of instantaneous variations of reference current components in the control loop of SAPF in ac-side, and dc-link voltage oscillations in dc-side of the proposed model, is thoroughly considered in the stable operation of interfaced converter, which is the main contribution of this proposal in comparison with other potential control approaches. The proposed control scheme can guarantee the injection of all harmonic components of current and reactive power of grid-connected loads, with a fast dynamic response that results in a unity power factor between the grid currents and voltages during the integration of SAPF into the power grid. An extensive simulation study is performed, assessing the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy in the utilization of SAPF in power networks.

Abstract
This paper presents a new dynamic and stochastic decision supporting model for distributed generation investment planning (DGIP). The model is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) optimization problem that simultaneously minimizes emission, operation and maintenance, as well as reliability costs. One of the salient features of the model is that it is based on a two-period planning horizon: a short-term planning period that requires robust decisions to be made and a medium to long-term one involving exploratory or flexible investment decisions. Each period has multiple decision stages. The operational variability introduced by intermittent generation sources and electricity demand are accounted for via probabilistic methods. To ensure computational tractability, the associated operational states are reduced via a clustering technique. Moreover, uncertainties related to emission price, demand growth and the unpredictability of intermittent generation sources are taken into account stochastically. A real-life distribution network system is used as a case study, and the results of our analyses generally show the efficacy of the proposed model.