Abstract
Higher order attribute grammars provide a convenient means for specifying uni-directional transformations, but they provide no direct support for bidirectional transformations. In this paper we show how rewrite rules (with non-linear right hand sides) that specify a forward/get transformation can be inverted to specify a partial backward/put transformation. These inverted rewrite rules can then be extended with additional rules based on characteristics of the source language grammar and forward transformations to create, under certain circumstances, a total backward transformation. Finally, these rules are used to generate attribute grammar specifications implementing both transformations. Categories and Subject Descriptors D.3.3 [Programming Languages]: Data Types and Structures, Recursion; F.3.2 [Logics and Meanings of Programs]: Semantics of Programming Languages- Algebraic approaches to semantics; I.1.1 [Symbolic and Algebraic Manipulation]: Expressions and Their Representation.

Abstract
During the last few years, we have been witnessing a significant increase in research about the development and production of hardware and software components with low levels of energy consumption. Today, energy consumption is one of the most critical issues in the area of information technologies and communication. One of the fractions in which this concern is most evident is in the management of database systems, with particular emphasis on those commonly designated as data centers. On these systems daily run a large amount of data querying processes, monitored and controlled by high sophisticated database management systems, which are responsible to establish efficient processing plans to support them. Using the information provided by a querying execution plan, especially the one related to the operators they used to perform database operations, we designed and developed an alternative method to define energy consumption plans for database queries. In this paper we present how such method works on the estimation of the energy consumption of each database operator integrated in the execution plan of a query at compile time. With it, we build up its corresponding energy consumption plan for executing the query, taking into consideration as well the characteristics of the computational platforms used for that.

Abstract
This paper showcases MDSheet, a framework aimed at improving the engineering of spreadsheets. This framework is model-driven, and has been fully integrated under a spreadsheet system. Also, its practical interest has been demonstrated by several empirical studies.

Abstract

Abstract
Use case specifications have successfully been used for requirements description. They allow joining, in the same modeling space, the expectations of the stakeholders as well as the needs of the software engineer and analyst involved in the process. While use cases are not meant to describe a system's implementation, by formalizing their description we are able to extract implementation relevant information from them. More specifically, we are interested in identifying requirements patterns (common requirements with typical implementation solutions) in support for a requirements based software development approach. In the paper we propose the transformation of Use Case descriptions expressed in a Controlled Natural Language into an ontology expressed in the Web Ontology Language (OWL). OWL's query engines can then be used to identify requirements patterns expressed as queries over the ontology. We describe a tool that we have developed to support the approach and provide an example of usage. © 2014 R. Couto, A.N. Ribeiro & J.C. Campos.

Abstract
Serious games combine a ludic component with instructive and formative goals. They aim to educate and train through play. This paper explores the use of a development framework for dynamic virtual environments to develop serious games. The framework (APEX) was originally developed to prototype ubiquitous computing environments. Here it is used to develop a first person serious game: the Asthma Game. This game aims to teach children with asthma how to act to prevent attacks by drawing attention to asthma triggers in the home, and by providing information about how to avoid them. Besides the description of the game, results about the viability and utility of the approach are also discussed.