Abstract

Abstract
Breast Cancer Conservative Treatment (BCCT) is now the preferred technique for breast cancer treatment. The limited reproducibility of standard aesthetic evaluation methods led to the development of objective methods, such as Breast Cancer Conservative Treatment. cosmetic results (BCCT. core) software tool. Although the satisfying results, there are still limitations concerning complete automation and the inability to measure volumetric information. With the fundamental premise of maintaining the system as a low-cost tool, the incorporation of the Microsoft Kinect sensor in BCCT evaluations was studied. The aim with this work is to enable the simultaneous detection of breast contour and breast peak points using depth-map data. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is accurate and robust for a wide number of patients. Additionally, comparatively to previous research, the procedure for detecting prominent points was automated.

Abstract
In breast cancer treated with breast-conserving radiotherapy, the influence of the boost dose on cosmetic outcome after long-term follow-up is unknown. We included 348 patients participating in the EORTC 'boost versus no boost' mega trial with a minimum follow-up of 6 years. Digitalised pictures were analysed using specific software, enabling quantification of seven relative asymmetry features associated with different aspects of fibrosis. After 3 years, we noted a statistically significantly poorer outcome for the boost patients for six features compared with those of the no boost patients. Up to 9 years of follow-up, results continued to worsen in the same magnitude for the both patient groups. We noted the following determinants for poorer outcome: (i) boost treatment, (ii) larger excision volumes, (iii) younger age, (iv) tumours located in the central lower quadrants of the breast and (v) a boost dose administered with photons. A boost dose worsens the change in breast appearance in the first 3 years. Moreover, the development of fibrosis associated with whole-breast irradiation, as estimated with the relative asymmetry features, is an ongoing process until (at least) 9 years after irradiation.

Abstract
During the Turning Subjective Into Objective seminar held in Lisbon in May 2011, experts in the topic gathered to discuss the unsolved problems of aesthetic evaluation of breast-conserving treatment (BCT). The purpose of this study is to review the main methodological issues related to the aesthetic evaluation of BCT, to discuss currently used methods of evaluation and the lack of a gold standard, and to write a set of recommendations that can be used as guidance for the aesthetic evaluation of BCT.

Abstract
Rationale and Objectives: Computer-aided detection and diagnosis (CAD) systems have been developed in the past two decades to assist radiologists in the detection and diagnosis of lesions seen on breast imaging exams, thus providing a second opinion. Mammographic databases play an important role in the development of algorithms aiming at the detection and diagnosis of mammary lesions. However, available databases often do not take into consideration all the requirements needed for research and study purposes. This article aims to present and detail a new mammographic database. Materials and Methods: Images were acquired at a breast center located in a university hospital (Centro Hospitalar de S. Joao [CHSJ], Breast Centre, Porto) with the permission of the Portuguese National Committee of Data Protection and Hospital's Ethics Committee. MammoNovation Siemens full-field digital mammography, with a solid-state detector of amorphous selenium was used. Results: The new database-INbreast-has a total of 115 cases (410 images) from which 90 cases are from women with both breasts affected (four images per case) and 25 cases are from mastectomy patients (two images per case). Several types of lesions (masses, calcifications, asymmetries, and distortions) were included. Accurate contours made by specialists are also provided in XML format. Conclusion: The strengths of the actually presented database-INbreast-relies on the fact that it was built with full-field digital mammograms (in opposition to digitized mammograms), it presents a wide variability of cases, and is made publicly available together with precise annotations. We believe that this database can be a reference for future works centered or related to breast cancer imaging.

Abstract
Current evaluation methods either rely heavily on reference information manually annotated or, by completely avoiding human input, provide only a rough evaluation of the performance of video object tracking algorithms. The main objective of this paper is to present a novel approach to the problem of evaluating video object tracking algorithms. It is proposed the use different types of reference information and the combination of heterogeneous metrics for the purpose of approximating the ideal error. This will enable a significant decrease of the required reference information, thus bridging the gap between metrics with different requirements concerning this type of data. As a result, evaluation frameworks can aggregate the benefits from individual approaches while overcoming their weaknesses, providing a flexible and powerful tool to assess and characterize the behavior of the tracking algorithms.