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This preprint has been withdrawn at the request of the corresponding author due to internal coordination requirements and project data privacy considerations.

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The integration of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems and smart grids has enabled distributed energy trading, yet the development of regulatory frameworks for microgrid energy markets remains a challenge. Rising energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions necessitate innovative strategies to ensure affordable, sustainable, and reliable power for communities. This paper proposes a Community Energy Market (CEM) leveraging Linear Programming (LP) optimization to minimize energy costs and enhance renewable energy utilization. The results demonstrate that the CEM approach significantly increases energy self-sufficiency, reducing reliance on the grid. This method achieves Rs.38,830 cost saving. Furthermore, local energy trading within communities yields 68.75% % energy savings and reduces CO2 emissions by 88.01%. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the CEM model in fostering community collaboration, improving microgrid resilience, and promoting environmental sustainability. The proposed solution emphasizes the need for diversifying energy sources and adopting advanced energy market systems to deliver long-term, cost-effective, and eco-friendly energy solutions.

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Grid-Forming Power Inverters: Control and Applications is the first book dedicated to addressing the operation principles, grid codes, modeling, and control of grid-forming power inverters. The book initially discusses the need for this technology due to the substantial annual integration of inverter-based renewable energy resources. The key differences between the traditional grid-following and the emerging grid-forming inverter technologies are explained. Then, the book explores in detail various topics related to grid-forming power inverters, including requirements and grid standards, modeling, control, damping power system oscillations, dynamic stability under large fault events, virtual oscillator-controlled grid-forming inverters, grid-forming inverters interfacing battery energy storage, and islanded operation of grid-forming inverters. Features: • Explains the key differences between grid-following and grid-forming inverters • Explores the requirements and grid standards for grid-forming inverters • Provides detailed modeling of virtual synchronous generators • Explains various control strategies for grid-forming inverters • Investigates damping of power system oscillations using grid-forming converters • Elaborates on the dynamic stability of grid-forming inverters under large fault events • Focuses on practical applications

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This paper presents an adaptive protection strategy for multi-microgrid (MMG) systems with inverter-based resources (IBRs) in medium voltage (MV) networks, using the IEEE 33-bus test system. The approach combines overcurrent (OC) and undervoltage (UV) protections through an offline-optimized, clustering-based scheme and real-time selection of setting groups. A metaheuristic algorithm determines optimal relay settings for representative scenarios, ensuring responsive and coordinated protection. Hardware-in-the-loop validation on OPAL-RT confirms the method's effectiveness across varying loads, DER outputs, and fault conditions. Results demonstrate reliable fault isolation, smooth mode transitions, and uninterrupted supply to healthy segments. Identified limitations in high-impedance fault handling suggest future improvements.

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