Abstract
Progressive ladder topology is studied by consideration of its properties of power budget and coupler tailoring. Optimization criteria are addressed for lossless and real systems, and their basic characteristics are compared with other topologies. Numerical results are presented, and an experiment is described for the case in which the network supports interferometric and intensity (with referentiation) fiber-optic-based sensors.

Abstract

Abstract
A method to fabricate chromium-doped lithium niobate substrates in which the active ions are introduced by thermal diffusion from a film is reported. Chromium concentration depth profiles have been obtained by secondary-ion-mass spectrometry and the relevant diffusion parameters have been derived. Fluorescence spectrum and upper laser level lifetime of chromium diffused proton-exchanged and chromium/titanium-diffused lithium niobate waveguides have been measured. A simple model has been used to estimate the performance of such structures as waveguide optical amplifiers and lasers. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics.

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract